{"id":1033,"date":"2024-06-04T17:43:04","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T15:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=1033"},"modified":"2024-06-10T18:49:33","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T16:49:33","slug":"care-sunt-principalele-tulburari-de-anxietate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/care-sunt-principalele-tulburari-de-anxietate\/","title":{"rendered":"Care sunt principalele tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Care sunt principalele tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen acest articol vor fi descrise cele mai comune tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate, simptomele lor, prevalen\u021ba, factorii de risc, consecin\u021bele acestora \u0219i posibile metode de gestionare.<\/p>\n<p>Principalele tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate sunt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tulburarea de anxietate generalizat\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Tulburarea de panic\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Fobiile specifice;<\/li>\n<li>Tulburarea de anxietate social\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Tulburarea de anxietate de separare;<\/li>\n<li>Mutismul selectiv.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1034 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"320\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate-300x138.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate-1024x470.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate-768x352.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate-1536x705.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate-750x344.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Afectiuni-clinice-tulburari-de-anxietate-1140x523.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Acestea au unele simptome comune, at\u00e2t psihologice, c\u00e2t \u0219i fizice, dar \u0219i manifest\u0103ri specifice. Pot avea diverse v\u00e2rste de debut, inciden\u021be \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bi clinice, dar toate afecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod semnificativ calitatea vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce sunt tulbur\u0103rile de anxietate?<\/h2>\n<p>Anxietatea, una dintre cele mai prevalente tulbur\u0103ri psihologice, a fost descris\u0103 \u00een detaliu \u00eentr-un <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ce-este-anxietatea\/\">articol anterior<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Tulbur\u0103rile de anxietatea complic\u0103 via\u021ba celor afecta\u021bi, at\u00e2t prin simptomele psihologice, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele fizice. Acestea pot interfera cu activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice, afect\u00e2nd rela\u021biile personale \u0219i performan\u021ba profesional\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre anxietate, simptomele acesteia, afec\u021biunile \u00een care se manifest\u0103 anxietatea \u0219i baza biologic\u0103 a anxiet\u0103\u021bii vizita\u021bi interviul video cu <strong>psiholog clinician \u0219i psihoterapeut Alexandra B\u0103d\u0103u.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7ToX4_chIhU?si=W8ailM9M3eABZfKL\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Ce este tulburare de anxietate generalizat\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>Frica \u0219i anxietatea se pot suprapune \u0219i to\u021bi oamenii se \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103. Totu\u0219i, prezen\u021ba simptomelor timp de <strong>cel pu\u021bin 6 luni<\/strong>, \u00een majoritatea zilelor, la o intensitate excesiv\u0103 \u0219i nejustificat\u0103 de probabilitatea producerii evenimentului anticipat justific\u0103 un diagnostic de <strong>tulburare de<\/strong> <strong>anxietate generalizat\u0103 (TAG)<\/strong>, dac\u0103 disconfortul produs nu este datorat efectelor unor medicamente sau substan\u021be \u0219i interfereaz\u0103 cu rezultatele activit\u0103\u021bii \u00een plan social, personal si profesional.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 \u00eengrijorare \u0219i tensiune continu\u0103 poate fi \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de anumite simptome, precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nelini\u0219te;<\/li>\n<li>Oboseal\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de concentrare;<\/li>\n<li>Tensiune muscular\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme de somn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Adesea, grijile se concentreaz\u0103 pe lucruri de zi cu zi, cum ar fi responsabilit\u0103\u021bile de la locul de munc\u0103, s\u0103n\u0103tatea familie sau activit\u0103\u021bile casnice.<\/p>\n<p>TAG se dezvolt\u0103 lent. Adesea \u00eencepe \u00een jurul v\u00e2rstei de 30 de ani, de\u0219i poate ap\u0103rea \u00een copil\u0103rie. <strong>Tulburarea este mai frecvent\u0103 la femei dec\u00e2t la b\u0103rba\u021bi<\/strong> [1]. TAG are o <strong>prevalen\u021b\u0103 pe parcursul vie\u021bii de 3,7%<\/strong> \u0219i o <strong>prevalen\u021b\u0103 la 12 luni de 1,8%<\/strong>. Aceasta se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te semnificativ mai des \u00een \u021b\u0103rile cu venituri ridicate dec\u00e2t \u00een \u021b\u0103rile cu venituri mici sau medii [2].<\/p>\n<p>Motivele de \u00eengrijorare \u00een TAG sunt diferite la copii\/adolescen\u021bi \u0219i adul\u021bi. Temele principale sunt descrise mai jos.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1035 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"245\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata-300x105.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata-1024x358.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata-768x269.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata-1536x538.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata-750x263.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-anxietate-generalizata-1140x399.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>TAG poate fi invalidant\u0103 \u0219i poate afecta abilitatea de a \u00eendeplini sarcinile, v\u0103 poate l\u0103sa f\u0103r\u0103 energie, cre\u0219te riscul de depresie \u0219i chiar afecta s\u0103n\u0103tatea fizic\u0103 prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Probleme digestive;<\/li>\n<li>Dureri de cap, migrene;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme de somn;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme cardiace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mai mult, anxietatea generalizat\u0103 vine adesea cu alte tulbur\u0103ri de s\u0103n\u0103tate mintal\u0103, precum <strong>tulburarea obsesiv-compulsiv\u0103<\/strong>, <strong>tulburarea de panic\u0103<\/strong>, <strong>depresia<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>abuzul de substan\u021be<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u021a\u00een\u00e2nd cont de complexitatea TAG, at\u00e2t prin prisma simptomelor c\u00e2t \u0219i a afec\u021biunilor comorbide (care \u00eenso\u021besc adesea aceast\u0103 tulburare), este de o deosebit\u0103 important\u0103 ca aceast\u0103 s\u0103 fie tratat\u0103 cu seriozitate, diagnosticat\u0103 \u0219i adresat\u0103 \u00een timp util.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru mai multe sfaturi despre gestionarea \u0219i tratamentul anxiet\u0103\u021bii, vizita\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ce-este-anxietatea\/\">articolul anterior<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Institutul RoNeuro v\u0103 faciliteaz\u0103 gestionarea acestei afec\u021biuni prin tehnici diverse: de la acupunctur\u0103, la revolu\u021bionara abordare prin stimulare magnetic\u0103 transcranian\u0103, incluz\u00e2nd, desigur, arta psihoterapiei ce abordeaz\u0103 nivelul con\u0219tient prin\u00a0 tehnici cognitiv-comportamentale, iar nivelul incon\u0219tient prin imagerie ghidat\u0103 sau hipnoz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Suferi\u021bi de anxietate? Programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la unul din psihologii no\u0219trii contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului <strong>RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<strong> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/strong>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 18:00.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate. Mai mult, pot fi efectuate program\u0103ri online.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online aici!<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Ce este tulburarea de panic\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>Tulburarea de panic\u0103 \u0219i atacurile de panic\u0103 sunt dou\u0103 dintre cele mai frecvente probleme psihiatrice. Tulburarea de panic\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin atacuri de panic\u0103 recurente \u0219i nea\u0219teptate cu diverse simptome precum cele din imagine [3].<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1036 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"561\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica-300x241.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica-1024x821.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica-768x616.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica-1536x1232.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica-750x601.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Tulburarea-de-panica-1140x914.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Atacurile de panic\u0103 sunt definite ca fiind &#8222;un val brusc de fric\u0103 sau disconfort intens&#8221; care atinge un v\u00e2rf \u00een c\u00e2teva minute.<\/p>\n<p>Acestea pot ap\u0103rea de c\u00e2teva ori pe zi sau doar\u00a0 de cateva ori pe an. \u00cen tulburarea de panic\u0103 atacurile apar f\u0103r\u0103 avertisment \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 o cauz\u0103 declan\u0219atoare, de\u0219i \u00een alt context pot fi declan\u0219ate de un anumit stimul [3].<\/p>\n<p>Unii factori pot determina activarea r\u0103spunsului de &#8222;fug\u0103 sau lupt\u0103&#8221;, ceea ce cre\u0219te riscul unui atac de panic\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stresul cronic sau acut &#8211; prin producerea neurohormonilor de stres, cum ar fi adrenalina;<\/li>\n<li>Hiperventila\u021bia;<\/li>\n<li>Exerci\u021bii fizice intense;<\/li>\n<li>Consumul excesiv de cofein\u0103 &#8211; din cauza efectului stimulant;<\/li>\n<li>Diverse afec\u021biuni medicale;<\/li>\n<li>Schimb\u0103rile bru\u0219te de mediu &#8211; ex. mediu supraaglomerat, cald sau sufocant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Atacurile de panic\u0103 pot ap\u0103rea \u0219i al\u0103turi de alte tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate, de dispozi\u021bie, psihotice \u0219i de consum de substan\u021be [3].<\/p>\n<p>Complica\u021biile acestora pot fi severe \u0219i include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dezvoltarea unor fobii specifice, cum ar fi frica de a conduce sau de a p\u0103r\u0103si casa;<\/li>\n<li>Asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 frecvent\u0103 pentru probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i alte afec\u021biuni medicale;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme la locul de munc\u0103 sau la \u0219coal\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Evitarea situa\u021biilor sociale;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme financiare;<\/li>\n<li>Depresie, tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate \u0219i alte tulbur\u0103ri psihiatrice;<\/li>\n<li>Abuz de alcool sau de alte substan\u021be;<\/li>\n<li>Risc crescut de sinucidere sau de g\u00e2nduri suicidare [4].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00e2rsta medie de debut a tulbur\u0103rii de panic\u0103 este de <strong>20-24 de ani<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>apar mai des la femei <\/strong>dec\u00e2t la b\u0103rba\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Atacurile de panic\u0103 pot fi gestionate prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recunoa\u0219terea cauzelor declan\u0219atoare;<\/li>\n<li>Concentrarea asupra unui obiect \u00een timpul unui atac de panic\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Gestionarea respira\u021biei;<\/li>\n<li>Tehnicile de relaxare muscular\u0103 progresiv\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>\u00cenchiderea ochilor \u00een timpul unui atac de panic\u0103, pentru a reduce expunerea la stimuli;<\/li>\n<li>Con\u0219tientizarea atacului de panic\u0103 \u0219i a faptului c\u0103 acesta va trece;<\/li>\n<li>Consiliere psihologic\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>C\u0103utarea suportului social de la familie, prieteni;<\/li>\n<li>Evitarea cofeinei, alcoolului, fumatului, deoarece acestea pot intensifica atacurile de panic\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Stimularea nervului vag &#8211; prin aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 se reduce pulsul \u0219i ritmul respira\u021biei, u\u0219ur\u00e2nd simptomele atacului de panic\u0103. Aceast\u0103 se poate realiza prin du\u0219uri reci, exerci\u021bii de respira\u021bie, c\u00e2ntat sau fredonat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ce sunt fobiile specifice?<\/h2>\n<p>O fobie specific\u0103 este frica excesiv\u0103 \u0219i persistent\u0103 de un anumit obiect, situa\u021bie sau activitate care, \u00een general, nu este d\u0103un\u0103toare. Aceste temeri pot duce la eforturi extreme pentru a evita sursa fricii [5].<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1037 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"701\" height=\"534\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii-300x229.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii-1024x780.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii-768x585.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii-1536x1170.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii-750x571.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Cele-mai-frecvente-fobii-1140x869.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Aceste afec\u021biuni sunt, cel pu\u021bin par\u021bial, genetice (mo\u0219tenite). Prevalen\u021ba pe parcursul vie\u021bii a fobiilor specifice \u00een \u00eentreaga lume variaz\u0103 \u00eentre <strong>3% \u0219i 15%<\/strong>, temerile \u0219i fobiile legate de \u00een\u0103l\u021bime \u0219i de animale fiind cele mai frecvente [6].<\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i debuteaz\u0103 adesea \u00een copil\u0103rie, inciden\u021ba lor este maxim\u0103 \u00een timpul v\u00e2rstei mijlocii \u0219i la b\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u021be. Fobiile persist\u0103 timp de mai mul\u021bi ani \u00een 10-30% din cazuri \u0219i sunt puternic predictive pentru apari\u021bia altor tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate, de dispozi\u021bie \u0219i de consum de substan\u021be [6].<\/p>\n<p>Fobiile specifice pot debuta \u00een urma a diver\u0219i factori:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Experien\u021be traumatizante: <\/strong>cineva care are un accident de ma\u0219in\u0103 poate dezvolta o fric\u0103 de a conduce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Urm\u0103rind team\u0103 unei alte persoane \u00een aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie: <\/strong>un copil care cre\u0219te cu o mam\u0103 care se teme de c\u00e2ini poate ajunge s\u0103 dezvolte aceea\u0219i fobie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dup\u0103 informarea \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu situa\u021bie care poate fi periculoas\u0103<\/strong>: dup\u0103 accidentul din 11\/9 din SUA unii oameni au dezvoltat fric\u0103 de zbor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fobiile pot afecta semnificativ via\u021ba persoanelor prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Izolare social\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri ale dispozi\u021biei (de ex. depresie \u0219i alte tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate)<\/li>\n<li>Abuzul de substan\u021be<\/li>\n<li>Tensiune asupra celor dragi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Agorafobia<\/strong> este teama de a se afla \u00een situa\u021bii \u00een care sc\u0103parea ar putea fi dificil\u0103 sau jenant\u0103, sau \u00een care ajutorul ar putea s\u0103 nu fie disponibil \u00een caz de simptome de panic\u0103. Agorafobia este corelat\u0103 cu teama excesiv\u0103 in dou\u0103 sau mai multe dintre urm\u0103toarele situa\u021bii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Utilizarea mijloacelor de transport \u00een comun;<\/li>\n<li>Prezen\u021ba \u00een spa\u021bii deschise;<\/li>\n<li>Prezen\u021ba \u00een locuri \u00eenchise;<\/li>\n<li>Statul la coad\u0103 sau prezen\u021ba \u00eentr-o mul\u021bime;<\/li>\n<li>Prezen\u021ba \u00een afara casei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Agorafobia netratat\u0103 poate duce la incapacitatea ca persoana respectiv\u0103 s\u0103 ias\u0103 din cas\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Sugestiile pentru gestionarea fobiilor specifice le includ pe cele generale pentru gestionarea anxiet\u0103\u021bii, cu anumite specificit\u0103\u021bi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tratament medical<\/strong> &#8211; acesta poate include antidepresive, benzodiazepine \u0219i betablocante.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Terapie cognitiv-comportamental\u0103<\/strong> pentru identificarea g\u00e2ndurilor negative \u0219i restructurarea acestora.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Terapia prin expunere <\/strong>(una dintre cele mai des folosite terapii \u00een fobiile specifice, ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een 80-90% din cazuri) poate fi realizat\u0103:\n<ul>\n<li>In vivo. Confruntare cu obiectul sau situa\u021bia generatoare de anxietate \u00eentr-un cadru real, \u00eentr-un mod sigur \u0219i controlat.<\/li>\n<li>Bazat pe imagina\u021bie. V\u0103 imagina\u021bi obiectul sau situa\u021bia temut\u0103 pentru a porni frica \u0219i anxietatea \u0219i pentru a \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 sa o gestionati.<\/li>\n<li>Cu ajutorul realit\u0103\u021bii virtuale, \u00eentr-un mediu sigur \u0219i controlat [7].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ce este tulburarea de anxietate social\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>Acesta se manifesta printr-o anxietate \u0219i un disconfort semnificativ \u00een interac\u021biunile sociale ce cauzeaz\u0103 probleme \u00een func\u021bionarea zilnic\u0103 \u0219i dureaz\u0103 cel pu\u021bin \u0219ase luni.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1038 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"356\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala-300x153.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala-1024x521.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala-768x391.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala-1536x781.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala-750x382.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Anxietatea-sociala-1140x580.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Teama este intens\u0103, genereaz\u0103 sentimentul de lips\u0103 de control \u0219i poate interfera cu mersul la serviciu, \u0219coal\u0103 sau activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice. \u00cengrijorarea poate ap\u0103rea cu s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte ca situa\u021bia s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple.<\/p>\n<p>Tulburarea debuteaz\u0103 adesea la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul copil\u0103riei \u0219i poate sem\u0103na cu timiditatea extrem\u0103. Este mai frecvent\u0103 la femei dec\u00e2t la b\u0103rba\u021bi, iar aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 de gen este mai pronun\u021bat\u0103 la adolescen\u021bi \u0219i adul\u021bi tineri. F\u0103r\u0103 tratament poate dura mul\u021bi ani sau chiar toat\u0103 via\u021ba [8].<\/p>\n<h2>Ce este tulburarea de anxietate de separare?<\/h2>\n<p>Tulburare de anxietate de separare se manifest\u0103 cu anxietate excesiv\u0103 legat\u0103 de separarea de cei de care persoana este ata\u0219at\u0103. Sentimentul dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te ceea ce este adecvat pentru v\u00e2rsta persoanei, persist\u0103 (cel pu\u021bin patru s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni la copii \u0219i \u0219ase luni la adul\u021bi) \u0219i cauzeaz\u0103 probleme de func\u021bionare.<\/p>\n<p>O persoan\u0103 cu tulburare de anxietate de separare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poate fi \u00eengrijorat\u0103 \u00een mod persistent cu privire la pierderea persoanei cele mai apropiate;<\/li>\n<li>Poate fi reticent\u0103 sau refuza s\u0103 ias\u0103 sau s\u0103 doarm\u0103 departe de cas\u0103 sau f\u0103r\u0103 acea persoan\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Poate avea co\u0219maruri legate de separare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Simptomele de anxietate se dezvolt\u0103 adesea \u00een copil\u0103rie, dar pot continua p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Factorii de risc pot include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pierderi care duc la separare<\/strong>, cum ar fi boala sau moartea unei persoane dragi, pierderea unui animal de companie iubit, divor\u021bul p\u0103rin\u021bilor, mutarea;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anumite temperamente<\/strong> sunt mai predispuse dec\u00e2t altele la tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antecedente familiale<\/strong>, inclusiv rude apropiate care au probleme cu anxietatea sau o tulburare de anxietate, ceea ce indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 aceste tr\u0103s\u0103turi ar putea fi mo\u0219tenite;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Probleme de mediu<\/strong>, cum ar fi unele situa\u021bii care implic\u0103 o separare [9].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ce este mutismul selectiv?<\/h2>\n<p>Copiii cu mutism selectiv nu vorbesc \u00een anumite situa\u021bii cum ar fi la \u0219coal\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 vorbesc \u00een altele, precum \u00een preajma membrilor familiei apropiate. Este diagnosticat\u0103 drept tulburare cand intalne\u0219te mai multe criterii, printre care:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Durat\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin o lun\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Lipsa de comunicare interfereaz\u0103 cu realizarea educa\u021bional\u0103 sau profesional\u0103 sau cu comunicarea social\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Nu se poate atribui unei lipse de cunoa\u0219tere sau de confort \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te limba vorbit\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Mutismul nu se explic\u0103 mai bine printr-o tulburare de comunicare (de exemplu, tulburare de fluen\u021b\u0103 cu debut \u00een copil\u0103rie) sau exclusiv prin prezen\u021ba unei tulbur\u0103ri din spectrul autist, a schizofreniei sau a unei alte tulbur\u0103ri psihotice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lipsa vorbirii poate avea, de asemenea, consecin\u021be semnificative la \u0219coal\u0103, duc\u00e2nd la probleme academice \u0219i la izolare social\u0103. Mul\u021bi copii cu mutism selectiv se confrunt\u0103, de asemenea, cu timiditate excesiv\u0103 \u0219i anxietate social\u0103 ridicat\u0103. Cu toate acestea, ei au, de obicei, abilit\u0103\u021bi lingvistice normale.<\/p>\n<p>Cauzele pot fi multiple:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Factori psihologici, cum ar fi fobia social\u0103, anxietatea de separare \u0219i tulburarea obsesiv-compulsiv\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Predispozi\u021bia ereditar\u0103 sau genetic\u0103 a mutismului selectiv \u0219i a tulbur\u0103rii de anxietate social\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Factori familiali \u0219i de mediu, cum ar fi oportunit\u0103\u021bile reduse de contact social, stilul parental sau comportamentele de evitare consolidat\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi neurologice, cum ar fi \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een atingerea vorbelor, a limbajului sau a reperelor motorii fine \u0219i grosiere;<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103spunsul hiperactiv al sistemului nervos autonom care are impact asupra r\u0103spunsurilor fiziologice, senzoriale \u0219i emo\u021bional-comportamentale;<\/li>\n<li>Temperamentul timid [10].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mutismul selectiv \u00eencepe, de obicei, \u00eenainte de v\u00e2rsta de 5 ani, dar este posibil s\u0103 nu fie identificat p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd copilul intr\u0103 la \u0219coal\u0103. Mul\u021bi copii vor dep\u0103\u0219i mutismul selectiv. Interven\u021bia timpurie este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru remediere \u0219i poate implica expertiza unul logoped, psiholog \u0219i psihiatru.<\/p>\n<h2>Rolul NADH \u00een gestionarea anxiet\u0103\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p><strong>NADH<\/strong> este un supliment alimentar eficient \u0219i sigur, cu rol \u00een prevenirea \u0219i ameliorarea diverselor afec\u021biuni, care sus\u021bine s\u0103n\u0103tatea psihic\u0103 prin ac\u021biunea sa asupra diver\u0219ilor transmi\u021b\u0103tori chimici.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-943 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson.jpeg\" alt=\"Suplimente alimentare boala Parkinson\" width=\"400\" height=\"236\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson.jpeg 1273w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson-300x177.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson-1024x603.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson-768x452.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson-750x442.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Suplimente-alimentare-boala-Parkinson-1140x672.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cunoscut de asemenea drept Coenzima-1, <strong>NADH<\/strong> este forma biologic\u0103 a hidrogenului care reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu oxigenul din celule rezult\u00e2nd energie.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre <strong>NADH<\/strong>, accesa\u021bi acest <a href=\"https:\/\/nadhrapid.ro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">link<\/a>. Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre impactul NADH \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tatea mintal\u0103, <a href=\"https:\/\/nadhrapid.ro\/nadh-si-sanatatea-mintala\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click aici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Afla\u021bi mai multe despre rolul <strong>NADH<\/strong> \u00een mecanismul <a href=\"https:\/\/nadhrapid.ro\/te-poate-ajuta-nadh-sa-fii-mai-fericit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">altor neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tori<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>Anxietatea, una dintre cele mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnite tulbur\u0103ri psihologice, are multe forme de manifestare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen\u021beleg\u00e2nd diversele subtipuri, putem cre\u0219te nivelul de con\u0219tientizare \u0219i reduce stigma, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bind nu doar via\u021ba noastr\u0103 din perspectiva de pacien\u021bi, ci \u0219i contribuind la dezvoltarea unei comunit\u0103\u021bi mai \u00een\u021beleg\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad#:~:text=What%20is%20generalized%20anxiety%20disorder,reason%20to%20worry%20about%20them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Generalized anxiety disorder: When worry gets out of Control<\/em>.<\/a> National Institute of Mental Health.<\/li>\n<li>Ruscio AM, Hallion LS, Lim CCW, et al. Cross-sectional Comparison of the Epidemiology of <em>DSM-5<\/em> Generalized Anxiety Disorder Across the Globe. <em>JAMA Psychiatry.<\/em> 2017;74(5):465\u2013475. doi:10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0056<\/li>\n<li>Cackovic C, Nazir S, Marwaha R. Panic Disorder. 2023 Aug 6. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan\u2013.<\/li>\n<li><em>https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/panic-attacks\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20376021<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Phobia<\/em>. Harvard Health. (2024, May 7). https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/a_to_z\/phobia-a-to-z<\/li>\n<li>Eaton WW, Bienvenu OJ, Miloyan B. Specific phobias. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Aug;5(8):678-686. doi: 10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30169-X.<\/li>\n<li>Moore, M. (2021, June 15). <a href=\"https:\/\/psychcentral.com\/anxiety\/specific-phobia-treatment#therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Specific phobia treatment<\/em><\/a>. Psych Central.<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-b). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/publications\/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness#:~:text=Social%20anxiety%20disorder%20is%20an,social%20anxiety%20disorder%20is%20treatable.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social anxiety disorder: More than just shynes<\/a>s<\/em>. National Institute of Mental Health.<\/li>\n<li>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, April 5). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/separation-anxiety-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20377455#:~:text=Risk%20factors%20may%20include%3A,anxiety%20disorders%20than%20others%20are\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Separation anxiety disorde<\/a>r<\/em>. Mayo Clinic.<\/li>\n<li>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asha.org\/practice-portal\/clinical-topics\/selective-mutism\/#collapse_6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Selective mutism<\/em><\/a>. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Care sunt principalele tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate? \u00cen acest articol vor fi descrise cele mai comune tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate, simptomele lor, prevalen\u021ba, factorii de risc, consecin\u021bele acestora \u0219i posibile metode de gestionare. Principalele tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate sunt: Tulburarea de anxietate generalizat\u0103; Tulburarea de panic\u0103; Fobiile specifice; Tulburarea de anxietate social\u0103; Tulburarea de anxietate de separare; Mutismul [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1042,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"6","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psihologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1033"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1043,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1033\/revisions\/1043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}