{"id":1285,"date":"2024-10-22T13:59:50","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T11:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=1285"},"modified":"2024-10-22T14:24:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T12:24:38","slug":"ce-este-hipertensiunea-arteriala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ce-este-hipertensiunea-arteriala\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 (HTA)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Ce este hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 (HTA)?<\/h2>\n<p>Conform criteriilor de m\u0103surare \u0219i evaluare,\u00a0Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii (OMS) [1], define\u0219te hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 (HTA) drept o afec\u021biune caracterizat\u0103 prin valori crescute ale presiunii din vasele de s\u00e2nge. Presiunea este creat\u0103 de for\u021ba necesar\u0103 cu care inima pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een sistemul circulator.<\/p>\n<p>Hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 este observat\u0103 prin cre\u0219teri ale ambelor valori m\u0103surate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>presiune sistolic\u0103<\/strong> (ps) (presiunea exercitat\u0103 asupra pere\u021bilor arteriali \u00een timpul contrac\u021biei inimii &#8211; valoarea mai mare);<\/li>\n<li><strong>presiune diastolic\u0103<\/strong> (pd) (presiunea exercitat\u0103 asupra pere\u021bilor arteriali \u00een timpul relax\u0103rii inimii \u00eentre perioada de timp dintre dou\u0103 contrac\u021bii &#8211; valoarea mai mic\u0103).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Se folosesc ca unit\u0103\u021bi de m\u0103sur\u0103 mmHg (milimetri coloan\u0103 de mercur) iar valorile sunt notate astfel ca <strong>presiune sistolic\u0103\/<\/strong><strong>presiune diastolic\u0103\u00a0<\/strong>(de exemplu <strong>100\/65<\/strong> mmHg).<\/p>\n<p>Sunt definite 4 intervale ale presiunii arteriale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Normal\u0103<\/strong> (<strong>\u00eentre 100\/65 \u0219i 120\/80<\/strong>);<\/li>\n<li>HTA <strong>Crescut\u0103<\/strong> (<strong>\u00eentre 121\/65 \u0219i 129\/80<\/strong>);<\/li>\n<li>HTA <strong>Gradul 1<\/strong> (<strong>\u00eentre 130\/80 \u0219i 139\/89<\/strong>);<\/li>\n<li>HTA <strong>Gradul 2<\/strong> (<strong>&gt; 140\/90<\/strong>) [2].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1286\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"267\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-1024x342.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-768x257.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-1536x513.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-2048x684.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-750x251.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/intervalele-presiunii-arteriale-1140x381.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen urma statisticilor \u0219i studiilor am\u0103nun\u021bite, valorile ini\u021biale stabilite\u00a0 au fost revizuite prin ad\u0103ugarea unui interval suplimentar numit HTA Crescut, pentru recomand\u0103ri profilactice, \u00een vederea prevenirii apari\u021biei bolilor asociate [3].<\/p>\n<h2>Hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 conform criteriilor patologice<\/h2>\n<p>Din punct de vedere a impactului asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, HTA este definit\u0103 ca fiind o afec\u021biune grav\u0103 care se afl\u0103 la baza celor mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite boli cardiovasculare, cerebrale, renale \u0219i altele, reprezent\u00e2nd o cauz\u0103 major\u0103 a decesului prematur la nivel mondial. OMS atrage aten\u021bia asupra faptului c\u0103 <strong>25% dintre b\u0103rba\u021bi \u0219i 20% dintre femei<\/strong>, din \u00eentreaga popula\u021bie a globului, sufer\u0103 de HTA.<\/p>\n<p>Din punct de vedere patologic HTA este cunoscut\u0103 prin dou\u0103 forme de manifestare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>HTA primar\u0103<\/strong> (numit\u0103 \u0219i <strong>esen\u021bial\u0103<\/strong>, se manifest\u0103 \u00een baza unor cauze genetice sau epigenetice, \u00een 90-95% din cazuri la adul\u021bi);<\/li>\n<li><strong>HTA secundar\u0103<\/strong> (se manifest\u0103 ca \u0219i efect secundar al unor boli sau afec\u021biuni preexistente renale, vasculare sau endocrine, \u00een 2-10% din cazuri la adul\u021bi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Cum pute\u021bi afla rapid valorile tensiunii arteriale?<\/h2>\n<p>Pentru aceasta ave\u021bi nevoie de un aparat numit tensiometru, care se achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103 de la orice farmacie. Deoarece HTA poate s\u0103 nu manifeste simptome evidente, tensiometrul este singurul aparat care ofer\u0103 date precise.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u00een urma m\u0103sur\u0103torii, valorile indicate se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 la <strong>HTA Crescut\u0103<\/strong> (av\u00e2nd valori cuprinse \u00eentre 121\/65 \u0219i 129\/80) atunci trebuie s\u0103 contacta\u021bi medicul de familie pentru o consulta\u021bie. Dac\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 valorile indicate se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 la <strong>HTA Gradul 1 <\/strong>atunci este nevoie de o consulta\u021bie de urgen\u021b\u0103 iar la <strong>HTA Gradul 2<\/strong> trebuie apelat serviciul de ambulan\u021b\u0103, deoarece reprezint\u0103 un factor de risc major.<\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt cauzele hipertensiunii arteriale?<\/h2>\n<p>Mecanismele primare implic\u0103 modific\u0103ri ale vaselor de s\u00e2nge, inim\u0103, rinichi \u0219i ale altor organe. Cauzele HTA trebuie analizate \u00een baza a dou\u0103 criterii principale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pe grupe de v\u00e2rste;<\/li>\n<li>\u00een func\u021bie de formele sale (HTA primar\u0103, HTA secundar\u0103).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid #b14cf4; padding: 10px;\"><center>HTA este mai pu\u021bin frecvent\u0103 la copii, dar odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea ratelor de obezitate infantil\u0103, tot mai mul\u021bi copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bi dezvolt\u0103 HTA primar\u0103 [4].<\/center><\/div>\n<h3>Care sunt cauzele hipertensiunii arteriale primare?<\/h3>\n<p>HTA primar\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de un cumul de factori, printre care:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Istoric familial<\/strong>: predispozi\u021bie genetic\u0103;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alimenta\u021bie nes\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103<\/strong>: diete bogate \u00een sodiu, zah\u0103r \u0219i alimente procesate;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fumatul \u0219i alcoolismul<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obezitatea \u0219i inactivitatea fizic\u0103<\/strong>: obezitatea (mai ales cea abdominal\u0103) devine mai frecvent\u0103 odat\u0103 cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 [5];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hipercolesterolemie<\/strong>: caracterizat\u0103 mai ales prin HDL sc\u0103zut \u0219i LDL crescut [6];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hipertrigliceridemie<\/strong>: caracterizat\u0103 prin valori crescute ale trigliceridelor [7];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stresul cronic \u0219i somn deranjat<\/strong>: stresul cronic poate favoriza instalarea insomniei [8];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103<\/strong>: diabetul de tip 2 \u0219i sindromul metabolic cresc riscul de HTA;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rigiditate vascular\u0103<\/strong>: \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea [9] provoac\u0103 rigidizarea arterelor, favoriz\u00e2nd cre\u0219terea rezisten\u021bei fluxului sanguin, gener\u00e2nd hipertensiune arterial\u0103 sistolic\u0103 izolat\u0103 (aorta \u0219i arterele mari devin mai pu\u021bin elastice odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta, ceea ce produce presiuni sistolice mai mari);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ateroscleroza<\/strong>: acumularea de pl\u0103ci \u00een artere contribuie la HTA [10];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activitate crescut\u0103 a sistemului nervos simpatic<\/strong>: Aceasta favorizeaz\u0103 HTA ca urmare a cre\u0219terii rezisten\u021bei vasculare [11];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disfunc\u021bie renal\u0103<\/strong>: sc\u0103derea capacit\u0103\u021bii rinichilor de a regla nivelul de lichide \u0219i sare. Aceasta scade odat\u0103 cu \u00eenaintarea \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, contribuind la HTA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1289\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"513\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-1024x875.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-768x656.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-1536x1313.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-2048x1750.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-750x641.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-primara-1140x974.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Care sunt cauzele hipertensiunii arteriale secundare?<\/h3>\n<p>HTA secundar\u0103 apare ca urmare a unor factori contribuan\u021bi precum [12]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Boli cardiace congenitale<\/strong> (afec\u021biuni prezente la na\u0219tere);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coarcta\u021bia aortei<\/strong> (\u00eengustarea aortei);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dezechilibre \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri hormonale<\/strong>: hipertiroidismul, sindromul Cushing, hiperaldosteronismul, feocromocitomul, aldosteronismul, etc;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diverse afec\u021biuni ale rinichilor<\/strong>: anomalii renale congenitale, glomerulonefrit\u0103, nefroscleroz\u0103, boal\u0103 cronic\u0103 de rinichi rezultat\u0103 din diabet, boala polichistic\u0103 renal\u0103, hipertensiune renovascular\u0103 \u2013 \u00eengustarea arterelor renale (stenoz\u0103 aterosclerotic\u0103 a arterei renale) [13,14];<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consumul de droguri \u0219i anumite medicamente<\/strong>: contraceptive orale, corticosteroizi, medicamente pentru ADHD, medicamente antiinflamatoare nesteroidiene pentru calmarea durerilor, stimulente sau droguri recreative, cum ar fi cocaina;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Apnee \u00een somn<\/strong> [15]: care \u00een asociere cu obezitatea favorizeaz\u0103 HTA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1290\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"364\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-1024x466.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-768x349.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-1536x699.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-2048x932.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-750x341.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/cauzele-hta-secundara-1140x519.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Crede\u021bi c\u0103 este posibil s\u0103 suferi\u021bi de hipertensiunea arterial\u0103?<\/strong> Programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului <strong>RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<strong> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/strong>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 18:00. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate. Mai mult, pot fi efectuate program\u0103ri online.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online aici!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/telemedicina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>HTA este o afec\u021biune grav\u0103, cu numeroase ramifica\u021bii \u00een patologia cardiovascular\u0103, renal\u0103 \u0219i hormonal\u0103 care necesit\u0103 o abordare multidisciplinar\u0103, at\u00e2t \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te stilul de via\u021b\u0103 c\u00e2t \u0219i medicina alopat\u0103. Valori ridicate pe termen lung ale HTA pot reprezenta un pericol major pentru via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tate. Din acest motiv, pacien\u021bii sunt sf\u0103tui\u021bi s\u0103 apeleze c\u00e2t mai repede la sfaturile speciali\u0219tilor. Vom reveni cu mai multe informa\u021bii despre <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/cum-putem-trata-hipertensiunea-arteriala\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tratamente \u0219i profilaxia HTA \u00eentr-un articol ulterior.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>World Health Organization, Hypertension. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/hypertension#tab=tab_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/hypertension#tab=tab_1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association, guidelines. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/241381-overview?form=fpf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/241381-overview?form=fpf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Webber EM, et al. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: An Updated Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2021 Apr. (Evidence Synthesis, No. 197.) Table 1, Blood Pressure Classifications. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK570233\/table\/ch1.tab1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK570233\/table\/ch1.tab1\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Falkner B, Gidding SS, Baker-Smith CM, Brady TM, Flynn JT, Malle LM, South AM, Tran AH, Urbina EM; American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. Pediatric Primary Hypertension: An Underrecognized Condition: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2023 Jun;80(6):e101-e111. doi: 10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000228. Epub 2023 Mar 30. PMID: 36994715. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36994715\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36994715\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mikhail N, Golub MS, Tuck ML. Obesity and hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1999 Jul-Aug;42(1):39-58. doi: 10.1016\/s0033-0620(99)70008-3. PMID: 10505492. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10505492\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10505492\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zhang Y, Vittinghoff E, Pletcher MJ, Allen NB, Zeki Al Hazzouri A, Yaffe K, Balte PP, Alonso A, Newman AB, Ives DG, Rana JS, Lloyd-Jones D, Vasan RS, Bibbins-Domingo K, Gooding HC, de Ferranti SD, Oelsner EC, Moran AE. Associations of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels During Young Adulthood With Later Cardiovascular Events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jul 23;74(3):330-341. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.529. PMID: 31319915; PMCID: PMC6764095. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6764095\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6764095\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jeppesen J, Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. High triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol and blood pressure and risk of ischemic heart disease. Hypertension. 2000 Aug;36(2):226-32. doi: 10.1161\/01.hyp.36.2.226. PMID: 10948082. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10948082\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10948082\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Liu MY, Li N, Li WA, Khan H. Association between psychosocial stress and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Res. 2017 Jun;39(6):573-580. doi: 10.1080\/01616412.2017.1317904. Epub 2017 Apr 17. PMID: 28415916. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28415916\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28415916\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Karayiannis CC. Hypertension in the older person: is age just a number? Intern Med J. 2022 Nov;52(11):1877-1883. doi: 10.1111\/imj.15949. Epub 2022 Nov 3. PMID: 36326489; PMCID: PMC9828098. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9828098\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9828098\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Oliveros E, Patel H, Kyung S, Fugar S, Goldberg A, Madan N, Williams KA. Hypertension in older adults: Assessment, management, and challenges. Clin Cardiol. 2020 Feb;43(2):99-107. doi: 10.1002\/clc.23303. Epub 2019 Dec 11. PMID: 31825114; PMCID: PMC7021657. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7021657\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7021657\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Landsberg L. Unique problems in the treatment of the older hypertensive male. Introduction: increased sympathetic nervous system activity in the elderly. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 1994 May;74:1-3. PMID: 7914087. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7914087\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7914087\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Charles L, Triscott J, Dobbs B. Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Oct 1;96(7):453-461. PMID: 29094913. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29094913\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29094913\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Puar TH, Mok Y, Debajyoti R, Khoo J, How CH, Ng AK. Secondary hypertension in adults. Singapore Med J. 2016 May;57(5):228-32. doi: 10.11622\/smedj.2016087. PMID: 27211205; PMCID: PMC4876411. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27211205\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27211205\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Januszewicz W, Chodakowska J, Styczy\u0144ski G. Secondary hypertension in the elderly. J Hum Hypertens. 1998 Sep;12(9):603-6. doi: 10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000673. PMID: 9783488. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9783488\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9783488\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pedrosa RP, Drager LF, Gonzaga CC, Sousa MG, de Paula LK, Amaro AC, Amodeo C, Bortolotto LA, Krieger EM, Bradley TD, Lorenzi-Filho G. Obstructive sleep apnea: the most common secondary cause of hypertension associated with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2011 Nov;58(5):811-7. doi: 10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.179788. Epub 2011 Oct 3. PMID: 21968750. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21968750\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21968<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce este hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 (HTA)? Conform criteriilor de m\u0103surare \u0219i evaluare,\u00a0Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii (OMS) [1], define\u0219te hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 (HTA) drept o afec\u021biune caracterizat\u0103 prin valori crescute ale presiunii din vasele de s\u00e2nge. Presiunea este creat\u0103 de for\u021ba necesar\u0103 cu care inima pompeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele \u00een sistemul circulator. Hipertensiunea arterial\u0103 este observat\u0103 prin cre\u0219teri ale ambelor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"6","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cardiologie","category-neurologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1285"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1302,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1285\/revisions\/1302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}