{"id":137,"date":"2024-02-20T08:44:35","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T06:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/audiometria\/"},"modified":"2025-02-03T12:14:32","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T10:14:32","slug":"ce-este-audiometria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ce-este-audiometria\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este audiometria?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2><strong>Ce este audiometria?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Audiometria<\/strong> este un grup de teste care evalueaz\u0103 auzul, rezultatul test\u0103rii audiometrice fiind un grafic numit <strong>audiogram\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pierderea auzului vine odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta, dar poate afecta pe oricine, \u00eent\u00e2lnindu-se la cel pu\u021bin 25% dintre persoanele de peste 50 de ani \u0219i 50% dintre cele de peste 80 de ani. O modalitate de a testa pierderea auzului este audiometria [1].<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-847 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-1-300x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-1-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-1.png 552w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sunetul este o vibra\u021bie care se propag\u0103 prin aer sau alte medii sub form\u0103 de unde, iar c\u00e2nd acestea unde ajung la urechea intern\u0103 \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 termina\u021biile nervoase este perceput. P\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la urechea intern\u0103 undele sonore trec prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>conductul auditiv extern;<\/li>\n<li>timpan;<\/li>\n<li>oscioarele din urechea medie (conducerea aerian\u0103);<\/li>\n<li>oasele din spatele \u0219i din jurul urechii (conducerea osoas\u0103);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sunetele variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de intensitate \u0219i de viteza cu care se propag\u0103 (frecven\u021b\u0103):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Intensitatea<\/strong> se m\u0103soar\u0103 \u00een decibeli (dB):\n<ul>\n<li>O \u0219oapt\u0103 = 20 dB.<\/li>\n<li>Muzica tare (unele concerte) = 80 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 120 dB.<\/li>\n<li>Un motor cu reac\u021bie = 140 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 180 dB [2].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frecven\u021ba<\/strong> se m\u0103soar\u0103 \u00een cicli pe secund\u0103 sau Her\u021bi (Hz).\n<ul>\n<li>Tonurile joase de bas = \u00eentre 50 \u0219i 60 Hz.<\/li>\n<li>Tonurile ascu\u021bite, \u00eenalte = 10.000 Hz sau mai mult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Gama normal\u0103 a auzului uman este de aproximativ 20-20.000 Hz, vorbirea normal\u0103 fiind \u00eentre 500 \u0219i 3.000 Hz. Unele animale pot auzi p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50.000 Hz. [2].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/amL0gP7QmfI?si=hdaSybnSXrhlY-jB\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Care sunt cauzele pierderii auzului? <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Audiometria se poate efectua ca parte a unui screening de rutin\u0103 sau ca r\u0103spuns la o pierdere notabil\u0103 a auzului.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cauzele comune ale pierderii auzului<\/strong> includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>defecte congenitale<\/li>\n<li>obstruc\u021bia canalului auditiv extern (de exemplu, cear\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>probleme ale urechii medii:\n<ul>\n<li>infec\u021bia<\/li>\n<li>tumora<\/li>\n<li>fixarea osemintelor (otoscleroz\u0103)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>infec\u021bii cronice<\/li>\n<li>otoscleroza, (apare atunci c\u00e2nd o cre\u0219tere anormal\u0103 a osului \u00eempiedic\u0103 structurile din interiorul urechii s\u0103 func\u021bioneze corect)<\/li>\n<li>leziunile urechii<\/li>\n<li>boli ale urechii interne, cum ar fi boala M\u00e9ni\u00e8re<\/li>\n<li>expunerea regulat\u0103 la zgomote puternice<\/li>\n<li>o ruptur\u0103 de timpan [1, 3].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pierderea auditiv\u0103 neurosenzorial\u0103 poate fi cauzat\u0103 de afec\u021biuni precum cele descrise \u00een figura de mai jos [3].<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-848 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"907\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2.jpeg 1412w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2-265x300.jpeg 265w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2-904x1024.jpeg 904w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2-768x870.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2-1356x1536.jpeg 1356w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2-750x850.jpeg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-2-1140x1292.jpeg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 audiometria?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen timpul testului de auz pacientului i se va plasa o pereche de c\u0103\u015fti pe urechi (conducerea aerian\u0103) \u0219i o casc\u0103 metalic\u0103 pozi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een spatele uneia dintre urechi \u0219i sprijinite deasupra celeilalte care conduce sunetul prin os, pentru a i se m\u0103sura auzul pe mai multe frecven\u021be \u0219i pe mai multe intensit\u0103\u021bi ale sunetului. De obicei intervalul este de 250 \u2013 8000 Hz, deoarece aceasta cuprinde intervalul de frecven\u0163e ale vorbirii.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-849 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-1536x1028.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-2048x1370.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-750x502.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Figura-3-1140x763.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Testele care se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een cadrul evalu\u0103rii audiometrice (vezi figura de mai sus) sunt:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Audiometria tonal\u0103<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen timpul acestui test prin c\u0103\u0219ti este transmis un sunet scurt \u00eent\u00e2i \u00eentr-o ureche, apoi \u00een cealalt\u0103, iar pacientul trebuie s\u0103 semnaleze c\u0103 a auzit sunetul ap\u0103s\u00e2nd pe un buton. Se porne\u0219e de la o intensitate mai mare care se scade treptat p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultimul sunet pentru care pacientul a ap\u0103sat pe buton. Se repet\u0103 pentru toate frecven\u021bele de interes (250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz \u0219i 8000 Hz). Sunetele cele mai sc\u0103zute pe care le-a auzit pacientul pentru fiecare din frecven\u021bele men\u021bionate mai sus sunt marcate pe audiogram\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Audiometria vocal\u0103<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Audiometria vocal\u0103 include dou\u0103 teste:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pragul de recunoa\u0219tere al vorbirii<\/strong> utilizat pentru a m\u0103sura cel mai sc\u0103zut nivel la care se pot repeta cuvintele. De obicei se folosesc cuvinte cu dou\u0103 silabe, cu accent egal pe fiecare cuv\u00e2nt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Testul de discriminare a vorbirii<\/strong>, este folosit pentru a evalua capacitatea de a \u00een\u021belege \u0219i de a repeta cuvintele cu o singur\u0103 silab\u0103 prezentate la un volum puternic. O audiogram\u0103 normal\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi suntem capabili s\u0103 auzim dac\u0103 ni se vorbe\u0219te \u00een \u0219oapt\u0103, auzim tic\u0103itul unui ceas sau vibra\u021bia unui diapazon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Cum se interpreteaz\u0103 rezultatele audiometriei?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Din punct de vedere clinic un rezultat normal al audiometriei \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 auzim sunetele la o intensitate mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t 25 de decibeli pentru intervalul de frecven\u021be \u00eentre 250 \u0219i 8000 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>Un rezultat anormal al test\u0103rii stabile\u0219te diagnosticul de <strong>hipoacuzie<\/strong> (sc\u0103derea auzului). Auzul poate fi sc\u0103zut pe tot spectrul de frecven\u021be sau doar pe frecven\u021be joase sau \u00eenalte, sc\u0103derea poate fi prezent\u0103 la una sau ambele urechi, poate fi afectat\u0103 conducerea aerian\u0103 sau doar cea osoas\u0103. Tipul de sc\u0103dere \u0219i aspectul audiogramei ofer\u0103 indicii asupra cauzei sc\u0103derii auzului \u0219i asupra posibilit\u0103\u021bii de recuperare, dac\u0103 exist\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Este posibil ca pe l\u00e2nga audiometrie s\u0103 fie necesare \u0219i alte teste pentru stabilirea diagnosticului de certitudine al sc\u0103derii de auz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>timpanograma<\/li>\n<li>otoemisiuni acustice<\/li>\n<li>poten\u021biale evocate auditive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DFk0Tyg-46I?si=Ccrco6FzKxvBR91P\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Suferi\u021bi<\/strong><strong> de de afec\u021biuni ale auzului \u0219i ave\u021bi nevoie de o audiogram\u0103? <\/strong>Programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la un specialist <strong>neurolog<\/strong> sau<strong> ORL <\/strong>contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului <strong>RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<strong> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/strong>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 18:00. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate. Mai mult, pot fi efectuate program\u0103ri online.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online ORL<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/telemedicina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Cum pot fi prevenite tulbur\u0103rile de auz?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Deteriorarea urechii sau expunerea la sunete puternice pentru o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103 de timp poate cauza pierderea auzului. Sunetele mai puternice de 85 dB, cum ar fi cele din timpul unui concert, pot provoca pierderea auzului dup\u0103 numai c\u00e2teva ore.<\/p>\n<p>Este important s\u0103 adopta\u021bi comportamente care s\u0103 protejeze auzul:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evita\u021bi sau limita\u021bi expunerea la sunete excesiv de puternice;<\/li>\n<li>Reduce\u021bi volumul sistemelor muzicale;<\/li>\n<li>\u00cendep\u0103rta\u021bi-v\u0103 de sursa de sunete puternice atunci c\u00e2nd este posibil;<\/li>\n<li>Utiliza\u021bi dispozitive de protec\u021bie auditiv\u0103, cum ar fi dopurile de urechi din spum\u0103, dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi expus \u00een mod regulat la muzic\u0103 tare sau la zgomote industriale;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Concluzii | Audiometria<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Audiometria este o evaluare sigur\u0103, neprezentand riscuri \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 preg\u0103tirea prealabil\u0103 a pacientului. Aceasta ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii cruciale despre func\u021bionarea sistemului auditiv, permi\u021b\u00e2nd medicilor \u0219i speciali\u0219tilor s\u0103 identifice \u0219i s\u0103 evalueze pierderile de auz \u00eentr-un mod precis \u0219i obiectiv.<\/p>\n<p>Gestionarea pierderii auzului este o provocare complex\u0103. Pentru a ob\u021bine rezultate bune, trebuie definite scopurile \u0219i obiectivele gestion\u0103rii pierderii de auz. Procesul implic\u0103 at\u00e2t evaluarea adecvat\u0103 a deficien\u021belor auditive, c\u00e2t \u0219i implementarea unui plan de management personalizat. Astfel, audiometria devine un instrument esen\u021bial pentru elaborarea unor strategii de interven\u021bie eficiente \u0219i adaptate nevoilor individuale ale pacien\u021bilor [4].<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Referin\u021be<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Krans, B. (2017). <em>Audiometry: Purpose, procedure &amp; risks<\/em>. Healthline. Available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/audiology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Audiometry<\/em>. Mount Sinai Health System. (n.d.-a). Available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/tests\/audiometry#:~:text=Audiometry%3B%20Hearing%20test%3B%20Audiography%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Saunders AZ, Stein AV, Shuster NL. Audiometry. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 133. Available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK239\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Anastasiadou S, Al Khalili Y. Hearing Loss. [Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK542323\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce este audiometria? Audiometria este un grup de teste care evalueaz\u0103 auzul, rezultatul test\u0103rii audiometrice fiind un grafic numit audiogram\u0103. Pierderea auzului vine odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta, dar poate afecta pe oricine, \u00eent\u00e2lnindu-se la cel pu\u021bin 25% dintre persoanele de peste 50 de ani \u0219i 50% dintre cele de peste 80 de ani. O modalitate de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-orl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1563,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions\/1563"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}