{"id":1441,"date":"2024-12-16T17:00:21","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T15:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=1441"},"modified":"2024-12-16T17:02:20","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T15:02:20","slug":"importanta-investigatiilor-gastroenterologice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/importanta-investigatiilor-gastroenterologice\/","title":{"rendered":"Care este importan\u021ba investiga\u021biilor gastroenterologice \u00een prevenirea bolilor digestive?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Care este importan\u021ba investiga\u021biilor gastroenterologice \u00een prevenirea bolilor digestive?<\/h2>\n<p>Investiga\u021biile gastroenterologice sunt esen\u021biale pentru identificarea timpurie a problemelor digestive, care pot fi adesea asimptomatice \u00een stadii incipiente. Prin realizarea acestor examene, medicii pot determina cauzele simptomelor gastrointestinale, cum ar fi dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenghi\u021bire, indigestia sever\u0103 sau refluxul acid. Diagnosticul precoce permite ini\u021bierea prompt\u0103 a tratamentului, ceea ce poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi semnificativ prognoza pe termen lung a pacien\u021bilor. Men\u021binerea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii sistemului digestiv este crucial\u0103 pentru calitatea vie\u021bii, av\u00e2nd un impact direct asupra st\u0103rii generale de s\u0103n\u0103tate. De aceea, controalele periodice sunt recomandate nu doar pentru pacien\u021bii cu simptome, ci \u0219i ca m\u0103sur\u0103 profilactic\u0103 pentru a preveni apari\u021bia unor afec\u021biuni mai grave.<\/p>\n<p>Gastroenterologia este o ramur\u0103 a medicinei care se concentreaz\u0103 pe diagnosticul \u0219i tratamentul sistemul digestiv, pun\u00e2nd accentul pe bolile tractului gastrointestinal [1]. Acest domeniu evolueaz\u0103 constant, datorit\u0103 progreselor \u0219tiin\u021bifice care au \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit \u00een\u021belegerea mecanismului bolilor \u0219i au permis dezvoltarea unor terapii eficiente [2].<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2nd este necesar\u0103 examinarea gastroenterologic\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>A\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 deseori, majoritatea bolilor \u0219i afec\u021biunilor sunt asimptomatice \u00een fazele incipiente. Cu c\u00e2t sunt identificate mai devreme, cu at\u00e2t mai eficiente sunt tratamentele \u0219i cu at\u00e2t mai mari sunt \u0219ansele de vindecare. Un alt motiv pentru examinarea gastroenteroologic\u0103 ar fi detectarea apari\u021biei de noi boli sau a progresului afec\u021biunilor preexistente, deoarece deregl\u0103rile sistemului digestiv afecteaz\u0103 \u0219i alte func\u021bii ale organismului.<\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt principalele investiga\u021bii gastroenterologice?<\/h2>\n<p>Exist\u0103 mai multe grupe de investiga\u021bii gastroenterologice [7] care pot fi recomandate de medicul specialist, \u00een scop profilactic sau pentru diagnostic \u0219i tratament:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Teste de laborator;<\/li>\n<li>Imagistic\u0103 medical\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Proceduri endoscopice;<\/li>\n<li>Alte proceduri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1445\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"297\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice-1024x468.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice-1536x702.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice-750x343.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-gastroenterologice-1140x521.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt testele de laborator recomandate?<\/h2>\n<p>Testele de laborator cuprind diverse tipuri de analize.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Testul imunochimic fecal<\/strong> [8] poate pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 prezen\u021ba hemoragiilor oculte (s\u00e2nger\u0103ri care nu pot fi observate cu ochiul liber).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Coprocultura<\/strong> [9] este util\u0103 \u00een analiza bacteriilor d\u0103un\u0103toare care pot produce diaree sau constipa\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Antibiograma<\/strong> [10] este necesar\u0103 pentru a determina tipurile de antibiotice la care organismul r\u0103spunde sau nu. Se folosesc mostre de s\u00e2nge, urin\u0103, saliv\u0103 sau \u021besut (dac\u0103 e cazul).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Testul respirator<\/strong> [11] are rolul de a eviden\u021bia suprapopularea bacterian\u0103 a intestinului sub\u021bire, golire gastric\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103, digestia deficitar\u0103 a zaharurilor \u0219i altele.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analiza disbiozei colonului<\/strong> este necesar\u0103 \u00een evaluarea dezechilibrului microbian patologic care este asociat cu tulbur\u0103ri imunologice, nutri\u021bionale \u0219i metabolice reprezent\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 \u0219i un\u00a0 factor de risc pentru <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/accidentul-vascular-cerebral\/\">accident vascular cerebral<\/a> \u0219i afec\u021biuni cognitive [12].<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1442\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"496\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator-300x270.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator-1024x923.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator-768x692.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator-1536x1384.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator-750x676.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/teste-de-laborator-1140x1027.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi simptome precum hemoragii anale, diaree, constipa\u021bie, digestie dificil\u0103, dureri abdominale, sau dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 afla\u021bi mai multe despre starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a aparatului digestiv, programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului <strong>RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<strong> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/strong>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 18:00. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate. Mai mult, pot fi efectuate program\u0103ri online.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online aici!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/telemedicina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt investiga\u021biile imagistice recomandate?<\/h2>\n<p>Alte teste [13] pot fi recomandate de medicul gastroenterolog pentru diagnosticarea inflama\u021biei, a disfunc\u021biei pancreatice \u0219i a infec\u021biilor nonbacteriene.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen gastroenterologie, imagistica medical\u0103 are un rol esen\u021bial, iar aceasta cuprinde mai multe tipuri de investiga\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Studiul tranzitului colorectal<\/strong> [14] eviden\u021biaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea alimentelor prin colon cu ajutorul unei capsule care con\u021bine markeri vizibili la radiografie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tomografia computerizat\u0103<\/strong> folose\u0219te razele X \u0219i un computer pentru vizualizarea mult mai precis\u0103 a oaselor, mu\u0219chilor, a stratului de gr\u0103sime \u0219i organele interne.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Defecografia<\/strong> [15] este o radiografie localizat\u0103 \u00een zona anal\u0103 \u0219i rectal\u0103, care poate eviden\u021bia func\u021bionarea musculaturii rectale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Examinarea cu Bariu<\/strong> [16] se poate face ca \u0219i clism\u0103 cu solu\u021bie de Sulfat de Bariu sau prin \u00eenghi\u021birea acesteia.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Clisma e utilizat\u0103 pentru studiul tractului gastrointestinal inferior (colonul \u0219i rectum), folosind radiografia sau fluoroscopia.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00cenghi\u021birea solu\u021biei e utilizat\u0103 pentru examinarea tractului gastrointestinal superior (cavitate bucal\u0103, faringe, esofag, stomac, duoden), tot cu ajutorul razelor X.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scanarea de golire gastric\u0103 cu radioizotopi <\/strong>[17] este folosit\u0103 \u00een diagnosticul gastroparezei (o tulburare caracterizat\u0103 prin golirea \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a alimentelor solide).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ultrasonografia<\/strong> poate pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 fluxul sanguin prin diverse vase de s\u00e2nge \u0219i vizualizeaz\u0103 structura organelor interne.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1444\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"648\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice.jpg 1357w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice-868x1024.jpg 868w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice-768x906.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice-1303x1536.jpg 1303w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice-750x884.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/investigatii-imagistice-1140x1344.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt principalele proceduri endoscopice?<\/h2>\n<p>Procedurile endoscopice pot fi de mai multe tipuri.<\/p>\n<p>Cu ajutorul <strong>colonoscopiei<\/strong> [18] se pot identifica o serie \u00eentreag\u0103 de afec\u021biuni, precum cre\u0219teri anormale ale \u021besutului, \u021besut inflamat, ulcera\u021bii \u0219i s\u00e2ngerare, dar \u0219i polipi de colon (cancero\u0219i sau precancero\u0219i) care pot fi extra\u0219i \u0219i analiza\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Colangiopancreatografia retrograd\u0103 endoscopic\u0103<\/strong> [19] prin RMN pune \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 starea c\u0103ilor biliare, a vezicii biliare, ficat \u0219i pancreas (care sunt mai greu vizible la o examinare RMN obi\u0219nuit\u0103) folosind un endoscop cu raze X.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Esofagogastroduodenoscopia<\/strong> [20] este folosit\u0103 pentru vizualizarea esofagului, stomacului \u0219i duodenului. \u00cen func\u021bie de tipurile de sonde folosite, cu endoscopul se pot face ecografii \u0219i biopsii (dac\u0103 e cazul).<\/p>\n<p>Explorarea endoscopic\u0103 a intestinului sub\u021bire se nume\u0219te <strong>enteroscopie. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sigmoindoscopia <\/strong>[21] permite vizualizarea intestinului gros.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1443\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"297\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice-1024x468.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice-1536x702.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice-750x343.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/proceduri-endoscopice-1140x521.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Ce alte proceduri pot fi recomandate?<\/h2>\n<p>Alte tipuri de proceduri recomandate \u00een cazuri speciale se refer\u0103 la m\u0103surarea for\u021bei musculare anale \u0219i rectale (manometrie anorectal\u0103), respectiv a for\u021bei musculare a esofagului (manometrie esofagian\u0103) [22,23]. Acela\u0219i principiu este valabil \u0219i \u00een cazul manometriei gastrice.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen alte situa\u021bii este necesar\u0103 <strong>m\u0103surarea valorilor de pH<\/strong> (aciditatea) esofagului [24] pentru evaluarea bolii de reflux gastroesofagian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Capsulele endoscopice<\/strong> [25], fiind mai u\u0219or de suportat de c\u0103tre pacient, sunt folosite pentru vizualizarea intestinului sub\u021bire, acestea put\u00e2nd identifica s\u00e2nger\u0103ri, polipi, boli inflamatorii intestinale, ulcere \u0219i tumori.<\/p>\n<h3>De ce sunt importante toate aceste investiga\u021bii gastroenterologice?<\/h3>\n<p>Examenele gastroenterologice sunt necesar a fi efectuate periodic pentru a determina cauzele simptomelor gastrointestinale [26], precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dificultate la \u00eenghi\u021bire;<\/li>\n<li>Indigestie sever\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Reflux;<\/li>\n<li>Alte simptome, aparent banale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Men\u021binerea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a asigura o calitate \u00eenalt\u0103 a vie\u021bii, iar aceasta include \u0219i \u00eengrijirea sistemului nostru digestiv [27].<\/p>\n<h2>Date statistice<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen anul 2019 au fost raportate 7,32 miliarde de cazuri de boli digestive global [3]. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia cca. 3 milioane de oameni sufer\u0103 de Sindromul de Intestin Iritabil, boal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de un stil de via\u021b\u0103 nes\u0103n\u0103tos \u0219i stres [4].<\/p>\n<p>Prevalen\u021ba (num\u0103rul total de cazuri, noi \u0219i existente) la nivel global este de aproximativ 2,86 miliarde de oameni [5]. Aceste cazuri au culminat cu moartea a 8 milioane de oameni iar al\u021bi 277 milioane au fost identifica\u021bi ca av\u00e2nd un indice DALY crescut (DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Years) [6]. <strong>DALY<\/strong> este un indicator folosit de sistemul de s\u0103n\u0103tate care \u00eensumeaz\u0103 pierderea de vie\u021bi prin decese premature \u0219i anii tr\u0103i\u021bi cu incapacitate date de prezen\u021ba bolii.<\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>S\u0103n\u0103tatea sistemului gastrointestinal este deosebit de important\u0103 pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea general\u0103, acesta fiind responsabil cu digestia alimentelor \u0219i absorb\u021bia nutrien\u021bilor esen\u021biali, de care organismul nostru are nevoie pentru a func\u021biona corect.<\/p>\n<p>Din acest motiv, controalele medicale gastroenterologice trebuie privite \u0219i ca examene cu rol profilactic, evalu\u00e2ndu-se starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a sistemului digestiv, pentru a depista din timp diverse afec\u021biuni.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 ave\u021bi deja probleme la nivelul aparatului digestiv, atunci este important ca planul de recuperare \u0219i tratament s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil, deoarece promptitudinea interven\u021biei poate avea un impact semnificativ asupra rezultatelor pe termen lung pentru pacien\u021bi.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Gastroenterology. Available at: https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gastroenterology<\/li>\n<li>Quinn DN, Pfeil SA. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11806164\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gastroenterology.<\/a> Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2002 Jan;19(1):23-42. doi: 10.1016\/S0891-8422(03)00079-X.<\/li>\n<li>Wang, Yichen et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gastrojournal.org\/article\/S0016-5085(23)00825-9\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Burden of Digestive Diseases: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study<\/a>, 1990 to 2019. Gastroenterology, Volume 165, Issue 3, 773 &#8211; 783.e15.<\/li>\n<li>Evenimentul Zilei, Aproximativ 3 milioane de rom\u00e2ni sufer\u0103 de Sindromul de Intestin Iritabil. Available at: https:\/\/evz.ro\/aproximativ-3-milioane-de-romani-sufera-de-sindromul-de-intestin-iritabil.html<\/li>\n<li>Asocia\u0163ia Persoanelor cu Boli Inflamatorii Intestinale din Rom\u00e2nia, Despre bolile inflamatorii intestinale, Available at: https:\/\/aspiir.ro\/informatii-pentru-pacienti\/despre-bolile-inflamatorii-intestinale\/<\/li>\n<li>Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Anii de via\u021b\u0103 ajusta\u021bi cu incapacitate. Available at: https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anii_de_via%C8%9B%C4%83_ajusta%C8%9Bi_cu_incapacitate<\/li>\n<li>The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Health System, Digestive Diagnostic Procedures. Available at: https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/digestive-diagnostic-procedures<\/li>\n<li>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Fecal occult blood test. Available at: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/fecal-occult-blood-test\/about\/pac-20394112<\/li>\n<li>Ip S, Sokoro AA, Kaita L, Ruiz C, McIntyre E, Singh H. Use of fecal occult blood testing in hospitalized patients: results of an audit. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Oct;28(9):489-94. doi: 10.1155\/2014\/697103. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25314355\/<\/li>\n<li>TOP DOCTORS, Antibiogram. Available at: https:\/\/www.topdoctors.co.uk\/medical-dictionary\/antibiogram<\/li>\n<li>Cleveland Clinic, Hydrogen Breath Test. Available at: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diagnostics\/12360-hydrogen-breath-test<\/li>\n<li>Koszewicz M, Jaroch J, Brzecka A, Ejma M, Budrewicz S, Mikhaleva LM, Muresanu C, et al. Dysbiosis is one of the risk factor for stroke and cognitive impairment and potential target for treatment. Pharmacol Res. 2021 Feb;164:105277. doi: 10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105277. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33166735\/<\/li>\n<li>University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Gastroenterology Tests and Procedures. Available at: https:\/\/www.urmc.rochester.edu\/encyclopedia\/collection.aspx?subtopicid=30931<\/li>\n<li>Southwell BR, Clarke MC, Sutcliffe J, Hutson JM. Colonic transit studies: normal values for adults and children with comparison of radiological and scintigraphic methods. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 Jul;25(7):559-72. doi: 10.1007\/s00383-009-2387-x. Epub 2009 Jun 2. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19488763\/<\/li>\n<li>Kim NY, Kim DH, Pickhardt PJ, Carchman EH, Wald A, Robbins JB. Defecography: An Overview of Technique, Interpretation, and Impact on Patient Care. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018 Sep;47(3):553-568. doi: 10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.04.006. Epub 2018 Jul 7. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30115437\/<\/li>\n<li>Centre Medicale HIPOCRAT, Examenul radiologic al tubului digestiv cu substanta de contrast. Available at: https:\/\/www.hipocrat.ro\/articole\/examenul-radiologic-al-tubului-digestiv-cu-substanta-de-contrast<\/li>\n<li>MyHealth Alberta, Gastric Emptying Scan: About This Test. Available at: https:\/\/myhealth.alberta.ca\/Health\/aftercareinformation\/pages\/conditions.aspx?hwid=ace4150<\/li>\n<li>The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Health System, Colonoscopy. Available at: https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/colonoscopy<\/li>\n<li>MedLife.ro, Colangiopancreatografia Endoscopic\u0103 Retrograd\u0103. Available at: https:\/\/www.medlife.ro\/articole-medicale\/ercp-colangiopancreatografia-retrograda-endoscopica<\/li>\n<li>Ahlawat R, Hoilat GJ, Ross AB. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532268\/<\/li>\n<li>Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Flexible sigmoidoscopy. Available at: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/flexible-sigmoidoscopy\/about\/pac-20394189<\/li>\n<li>Manometrie Dr. Anca Dimitriu, Manometrie anorectal\u0103 cu rezolu\u021bie inalt\u0103. Available at: https:\/\/www.manometrie.ro\/manometrie-anorectala-cu-rezolutie-inalta\/<\/li>\n<li>Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Esophageal manometry. Available at: https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/tests\/esophageal-manometry<\/li>\n<li>SANADOR, Ce este pH-metria cu impedan\u021b\u0103 esofagian\u0103?. Available at: https:\/\/www.sanador.ro\/ph-metrie-esofagiana-impedanta<\/li>\n<li>Rosa B, Cotter J. Capsule endoscopy and panendoscopy: A journey to the future of gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2024 Mar 14;30(10):1270-1279. doi: 10.3748\/wjg.v30.i10.1270. Available at: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11000081\/<\/li>\n<li>Cleveland Clinic, Gastrointestinal (GI) Exams. Available at: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diagnostics\/22018-gastrointestinal-gi-exams<\/li>\n<li>Gastroblog, Gastrointestinal Medical Check-up: Importance, Benefits, and When to Perform. Available at: https:\/\/gastropedia.pub\/en\/gastroblog\/gastrointestinal-medical-check-up-importance-benefits-and-when-to-perform\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Care este importan\u021ba investiga\u021biilor gastroenterologice \u00een prevenirea bolilor digestive? Investiga\u021biile gastroenterologice sunt esen\u021biale pentru identificarea timpurie a problemelor digestive, care pot fi adesea asimptomatice \u00een stadii incipiente. Prin realizarea acestor examene, medicii pot determina cauzele simptomelor gastrointestinale, cum ar fi dificult\u0103\u021bile de \u00eenghi\u021bire, indigestia sever\u0103 sau refluxul acid. Diagnosticul precoce permite ini\u021bierea prompt\u0103 a tratamentului, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"6","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1441"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1450,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1441\/revisions\/1450"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}