{"id":1457,"date":"2024-12-19T18:11:20","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T16:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=1457"},"modified":"2025-09-24T13:11:36","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T11:11:36","slug":"forme-rare-de-dementa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/forme-rare-de-dementa\/","title":{"rendered":"Forme rare de demen\u021b\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Forme rare de demen\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Cele mai comune forme de demen\u021b\u0103, de la <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/cum-se-poate-preveni-dementa-alzheimer\/\">boala Alzheimer<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/dementa-cu-corpi-lewy\/\">demen\u021ba cu corpi Lewy<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/dementa-de-tip-parkinson\/\">demen\u021ba de tip Parkinson<\/a> sau <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/legatura-dintre-alcool-si-dementa\/\">demen\u021ba cauzat\u0103 de alcoo<\/a>l au fost descrise \u00een articole precedente. De\u0219i aceste demen\u021be acoper\u0103 marea majoritate de cazuri diagnosticate, exist\u0103 anumite forme rare de demen\u021b\u0103, care sunt afec\u021biuni cu prevalen\u021b\u0103 mai redus\u0103, dar care pot avea simptome similare, precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>demen\u021ba frontotemporal\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>hidrocefalia cu presiune normal\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>coreea Huntington,<\/li>\n<li>demen\u021ba asociat\u0103 encefalopatiei traumatice cronice,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">demen\u021ba asociat\u0103 infec\u021biei cu virusul HIV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nBoNLT98QKI?si=lJpf8fmzAYGUSoai\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cunoa\u0219terea formelor mai rare de demen\u021b\u0103 este necesar\u0103 pentru a stabili un diagnostic \u0219i diferen\u021biat cu alte patologii neurologice, precum \u0219i a permite medicilor o abordare personalizat\u0103 \u0219i un plan de tratament care s\u0103 gestioneze mai eficient simptomele \u0219i s\u0103 anticipeze evolu\u021bia bolii. Mai mult, \u00een\u021belegerea simptomelor poate ajuta pacien\u021bii s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 nevoia unei evalu\u0103ri \u00een etapele incipiente ale bolilor \u0219i a oferi o perspectiv\u0103 mai comprehensiv\u0103 a evolu\u021biei acestora.<\/p>\n<p>Identificarea tipului de demen\u021b\u0103 poate oferi indicii importante despre mecanismele de deteriorare cerebral\u0103 \u0219i poate ghida tratamentul, contribuind astfel la o calitate mai bun\u0103 a vie\u021bii pentru pacien\u021bi \u0219i familiile lor.<\/p>\n<h2>Demen\u021ba frontotemporal\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Demen\u021ba frontotemporal\u0103 (cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i ca boala Pick sau demen\u021ba lobului frontal), este o patologie rar\u0103 care debuteaz\u0103 cu schimb\u0103ri \u00een personalitate \u0219i comportament \u0219i poate duce la dificult\u0103\u021bi de limbaj.<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta apare c\u00e2nd celulele nervoase din lobii frontali \u0219i temporali sunt afectate \u0219i nu mai comunic\u0103 eficient \u00eentre ei \u0219i cu alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale creierului.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lobii frontali<\/strong> au rol \u00een comportament, controlul emo\u021biilor, planificare, rezolvarea problemelor, concentrare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lobii temporali<\/strong> au rol \u00een limbaj, stocarea semnifica\u021biei cuvintelor, recunoa\u0219terea fe\u021belor \u0219i a obiectelor familiare.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1460\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"442\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului-768x566.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului-1536x1132.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului-750x553.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/lobii-creierului-1140x840.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Demen\u021ba frontotemporal\u0103 are dou\u0103 subtipuri mari:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Varianta comportamental\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 afectarea lobilor frontali ai creierului cauzeaz\u0103 probleme de comportament \u0219i personalitate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Afazia progresiv\u0103 primar\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 afectarea lobilor temporali cauzeaz\u0103 probleme de limbaj [1].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Diferen\u021bele dintre subtipuri devin mai pu\u021bin evidente odat\u0103 cu progresul bolii, deoarece toate func\u021biile devin afectate, simptomele fiind similare cu stadiile t\u00e2rzii ale altor tipuri de demen\u021b\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Probleme de memorie;<\/li>\n<li>Halucina\u021bii;<\/li>\n<li>Agita\u021bie, nelini\u0219te;<\/li>\n<li>Comportament agresiv;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme \u00een a recunoa\u0219te persoanele apropiate [2,3].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Durata medie de supravie\u021buire dup\u0103 debutul simptomelor este de aproximativ<strong> 8 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 ani<\/strong>, iar majoritatea persoanelor mor din cauza complica\u021biilor bolii. De exemplu, pot ap\u0103rea probleme de \u00eenghi\u021bire \u0219i ulterior pneumonie prin aspira\u021bie sau problemele de echilibru pot duce la c\u0103deri [4].<\/p>\n<p>Demen\u021ba frontotemporal\u0103 este cel mai frecvent tip de demen\u021b\u0103 asociat\u0103 cu <strong>Scleroza lateral\u0103 amiotrofic\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 o afec\u021biune neurodegenerativ\u0103 ce duce la sc\u0103derea for\u021bei musculare \u0219i este fatal\u0103. Aproximativ 15% dintre persoanele afectate de demen\u021b\u0103 frontotemporal\u0103 tr\u0103iesc \u0219i cu scleroz\u0103 lateral\u0103 amiotrofic\u0103 [5].<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1459\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"232\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica-1024x365.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica-768x274.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica-1536x547.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica-750x267.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/scleroza-laterala-amiotrofica-1140x406.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Hidrocefalia cu presiune normal\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Hidrocefalia cu presiune normal\u0103 determin\u0103 acumularea unui exces de lichid \u00een ventriculele creierului. Aceasta este una dintre pu\u021binele forme reversibile de demen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Prevalen\u021ba este de 1,3% la persoanele cu v\u00e2rst\u0103 de peste 65 de ani. \u00cen centrele de \u00eengrijire asistat\u0103 suspiciunea de hidrocefalie cu presiune normal\u0103 ajunge la 11,6%, iar 2% dintre pacien\u021bi prezint\u0103 o ameliorare permanent\u0103 dup\u0103 devierea lichidului din ventricule [6].<\/p>\n<p>Ventriculele sunt cavit\u0103\u021bi umplute cu lichid care au rolul de a proteja creierul \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii. Func\u021bionarea lor optim\u0103 depinde de men\u021binerea unui volum adecvat de lichid. O acumulare excesiv\u0103 de lichid poate cre\u0219te presiunea asupra creierului, ceea ce poate provoca leziuni \u0219i poate duce la apari\u021bia simptomelor de demen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Afec\u021biunea se prezint\u0103 cu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri progresive de mers:\n<ul>\n<li>Probleme \u00een a v\u0103 ridica \u00een picioare;<\/li>\n<li>Pa\u0219i scur\u021bi \u0219i nesiguri;<\/li>\n<li>Blocaje sau mers nesigur;<\/li>\n<li>Mers leg\u0103nat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Deficite cognitive:\n<ul>\n<li>Lentoare mental\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme de memorie;<\/li>\n<li>Disfunc\u021bie executiv\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Modific\u0103ri emo\u021bionale (ex. <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/de-ce-apare-depresia\/\">depresie<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Incontinen\u021b\u0103 urinar\u0103 [7, 8].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1458\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"763\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie.jpg 1048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie-671x1024.jpg 671w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie-768x1173.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie-1006x1536.jpg 1006w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/simptome-hidrocefalie-750x1145.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hidrocefalia cu presiune normal\u0103 poate fi <strong>primar\u0103<\/strong>, c\u00e2nd nu apare din cauza unei alte afectiuni medicale (50% dintre cazuri) sau <strong>secundar\u0103<\/strong>, c\u00e2nd e prezent\u0103 o alt\u0103 afec\u021biune care afecteaz\u0103 producerea sau circula\u021bia lichidului cefalorahidian precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anevrismele cerebrale (ruperea unor vase de s\u00e2nge;<\/li>\n<li>Hemoragii intracraniene;<\/li>\n<li>Tumori cerebrale;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/accidentul-vascular-cerebral\/\">Accident vascular cerebral<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>Infec\u021bii ale creierului;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/complicatiile-traumatismelor-craniocerebrale\/\">Leziuni cerebrale traumatice<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Diagnosticarea acestei patologii necesit\u0103 multe teste pentru a exclude alte forme de demen\u021b\u0103, astfel c\u0103 este subdiagnosticat\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi probleme sau simptome specifice demen\u021bei programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului <strong>RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<strong> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/strong>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele <strong>08:00 &#8211; 18:00. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate. Mai mult, pot fi efectuate program\u0103ri online.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online aici!<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Coreea Huntington<\/h2>\n<p>Boala Huntington (sau coreea Huntington) este o afec\u021biune genetic\u0103 neurodegenerativ\u0103 cu debut mai precoce dec\u00e2t alte forme de demen\u021b\u0103 \u2013<strong> \u00een jurul v\u00e2rstei de 30-50 de ani.<\/strong> Exist\u0103 \u0219i forma juvenil\u0103 care debuteaz\u0103 \u00een jurul v\u00e2rstei de 20 de ani [9].<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd un p\u0103rinte are aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune, fiecare copil are o \u0219ans\u0103 de <strong>50%<\/strong> de a mo\u0219teni gena. Cei care nu mo\u0219tenesc gena nu vor dezvolta boala \u0219i nu o poate transmite genera\u021biilor viitoare.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mi\u0219c\u0103ri involuntare (coree);<\/li>\n<li>Postur\u0103 anormal\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri de \u00eenghi\u021bire \u0219i vorbire;<\/li>\n<li>Simptome psihologice (ex. Depresie, psihoz\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri stare sau de personalitate);<\/li>\n<li>Probleme cu aten\u021bia \u0219i judecata;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme de echilibru;<\/li>\n<li>Rigidizare muscular\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Tremor;<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0219c\u0103ri oculare neobi\u0219nuite;<\/li>\n<li>Insomnie;<\/li>\n<li>Lips\u0103 de energie [9].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1467\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"494\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-1024x1012.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-768x759.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-1536x1518.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-75x75.jpg 75w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-750x741.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/huntington-1140x1126.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Afec\u021biunea este clasificat\u0103 drept demen\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd dificult\u0103\u021bile cognitive interfereaz\u0103 cu activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice, de\u0219i multe persoane r\u0103m\u00e2n con\u0219tiente de mediul lor \u0219i pot s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exprime emo\u021biile.<\/p>\n<p>Diagnosticul se bazeaz\u0103 pe:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Examinare neurologic\u0103 \u0219i istoric medical &#8211; Analiza reflexelor, echilibrului, mi\u0219c\u0103rii, tonusului muscular, mersului, st\u0103rii mentale.<\/li>\n<li>Imagistic\u0103 &#8211; precum CT, RMN<\/li>\n<li>Teste genetice (inclusiv testarea prenatal\u0103) [10].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fiind o tulburare complex\u0103, abordarea acesteia trebuie s\u0103 fie multidisciplinar\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 includ\u0103 speciali\u0219ti precum psihiatri, consilieri genetici, neuropsihologi clinici sau logopezi.<\/p>\n<p>Boala se agraveaz\u0103 progresiv, decesul survenind dup\u0103 10-30 ani, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een forma sa juvenil\u0103 timpul este de aproximativ 10-15 ani de la apari\u021bia simptomelor. Mai mult, depresia cauzat\u0103 de aceasta cre\u0219te riscul de suicid.<\/p>\n<h2>Encefalopatia traumatic\u0103 cronic\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Leziunile repetate la cap pot afecta creierul \u00een timp duc\u00e2nd la demen\u021b\u0103 \u00een special \u00een cazul persoanelor care practic\u0103 un sport de contact, cum ar fi fotbalul, sau au suferit lovituri repetate la cap. De asemenea, este \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la veteranii militari \u0219i la supravie\u021buitorii violen\u021bei.<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta se prezint\u0103 cu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Durere de cap sau senza\u021bie de presiune;<\/li>\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare;<\/li>\n<li>Pierderi de memorie;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme de orientare;<\/li>\n<li>\u00eencetinirea procesului decizional;<\/li>\n<li>modific\u0103ri ale dispozi\u021biei sau ale personalit\u0103\u021bii (anxietate, iritabilitate, depresia).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1461\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"297\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica-1024x468.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica-1536x702.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica-750x343.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/encefalopatia-traumatica-cronica-1140x521.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Leziunile cerebrale traumatice sunt printre primele afec\u021biuni documentate \u00een istorie. Aproximativ 2% din popula\u021bia din SUA sufer\u0103 dizabilit\u0103\u021bi din cauza acesteia, rat\u0103 care este semnificativ mai mare \u00een \u021b\u0103rile \u00een curs de dezvoltare. Acestea pot duce la demen\u021b\u0103, studiile ar\u0103t\u00e2nd c\u0103 un traumatism la \u00eenceputul sau la mijlocul vie\u021bii este asociat cu un risc crescut de demen\u021b\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii. TCC moderate \u0219i severe cresc riscul de demen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre <strong>2 \u0219i 4 ori<\/strong> [11].<\/p>\n<h2>Demen\u021ba asociat\u0103 virusului HIV<\/h2>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd HIV (virusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane) infecteaz\u0103 creierul apare riscul de demen\u021b\u0103. Cunoscut drept encefalopatie HIV, demen\u021ba SIDA sau demen\u021ba asociat\u0103 HIV, apare adesea \u00een stadiile avansate ale bolii [12].<\/p>\n<p>Afec\u021biunea care se manifest\u0103 prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uitarea sarcinilor zilnice;<\/li>\n<li>G\u00e2ndire lent\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de concentrare;<\/li>\n<li>Instabilitate ortostatica;<\/li>\n<li>Apatie sau lips\u0103 de interes;<\/li>\n<li>Probleme de coordonare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Evaluarea este una complex\u0103 \u0219i include testarea st\u0103rii mentale ca parte dintr-un examen neurologic, teste neuropsiholoice, testarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de mi\u0219care, imagistic\u0103 medical\u0103, analize de s\u00e2nge \u0219i testul lichidului spinal [12].<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul include terapie antiretroviral\u0103, consiliere privind abuzul de substan\u021be sau alcool, antidepresive, antipsihotice sau stimulente, modific\u0103ri ale stilului de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i strategii de gestionare.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1462\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"297\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV-300x137.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV-1024x468.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV-768x351.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV-1536x702.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV-750x343.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dementa-virus-HIV-1140x521.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Persoanele care utilizeaz\u0103 terapia antiretroviral\u0103 sunt mai pu\u021bin susceptibile de a dezvolta demen\u021b\u0103 asociat\u0103 HIV. Totu\u0219i, poate ap\u0103rea o form\u0103 mai u\u0219oar\u0103 de afectare cognitiv\u0103, denumit\u0103 tulburare neurocognitiv\u0103 asociat\u0103 HIV.<\/p>\n<p>Prevalen\u021ba demen\u021bei \u00een stadiul tardiv al infec\u021biei cu HIV variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 7 \u0219i 27%, dar 30 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40% pot avea forme mai u\u0219oare [13, 14].<\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>Demen\u021bele pot lua diverse forme \u0219i pot avea o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de cauze. De\u0219i unele sunt mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u0219i cunoscute, formele mai rare au un impact la fel de semnificativ asupra pacien\u021bilor, afect\u00e2nd capacitatea lor de a gestiona activit\u0103\u021bile de zi cu zi \u0219i calitatea vie\u021bii lor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen\u021belegerea diverselor forme de demen\u021b\u0103 permite persoanelor afectate un control crescut asupra deciziilor legate de evaluare, tratament \u0219i gestionarea simptomelor, precum \u0219i reduce stigma asociat\u0103 acestora.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Types of dementia<\/em>. (n.d.). Alzheimer\u2019s Society. Retrieved December 17, 2024, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/about-dementia\/types-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/about-dementia\/types-dementia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/about-dementia\/types-dementia\/frontotemporal-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Frontotemporal dementia<\/a> (FTD)<\/em>. (n.d.). Alzheimer\u2019s Society. Retrieved December 17, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Ulugut, H., &amp; Pijnenburg, Y. A. L. (2023). Frontotemporal dementia: Past, present, and future. <em>Alzheimer\u2019s &amp; Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer\u2019s Association<\/em>, <em>19<\/em>(11), 5253\u20135263. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13363<\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Providing care for a person with a frontotemporal disorder<\/em>. (n.d.). National Institute on Aging. Retrieved December 18, 2024, from https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/frontotemporal-disorders\/providing-care-person-frontotemporal-disorder<\/li>\n<li>Gillette, H. (2024, October 4). <em>ALS and dementia: Connections, treatments, and more<\/em>. Healthline. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dementia\/als-and-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dementia\/als-and-dementia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mart\u00edn-L\u00e1ez R, Caballero-Arzapalo H, L\u00f3pez-Men\u00e9ndez L\u00c1, Arango-Lasprilla JC, V\u00e1zquez-Barquero A. Epidemiology of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec;84(6):2002-9. doi: 10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.07.005. Epub 2015 Jul 14. PMID: 26183137.<\/li>\n<li>Das JM, Biagioni MC. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. [Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK542247\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK542247\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/dementia\/frontotemporal-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hopkinsmedicine. <\/a>org. Retrieved December 18, 2024, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/dementia\/frontotemporal-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/dementia\/frontotemporal-dementia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ajitkumar A, De Jesus O. Huntington Disease. 2023 Aug 23. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan\u2013. PMID: 32644592.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/disorders\/huntingtons-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Huntington\u2019s disease<\/em>.<\/a> (n.d.). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved December 17, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Shively S, Scher AI, Perl DP, Diaz-Arrastia R. Demen\u021ba care rezult\u0103 din leziunile cerebrale traumatice: care este patologia? Arch Neurol. 2012 Oct;69(10):1245-51. doi: 10.1001\/archneurol.2011.3747. PMID: 22776913; PMCID: PMC3716376.<\/li>\n<li>Huang, J. (n.d.). <em>HIV-Associated Dementia<\/em>. MSD Manual Consumer Version. Retrieved December 17, 2024, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/home\/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders\/delirium-and-dementia\/hiv-associated-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/home\/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders\/delirium-and-dementia\/hiv-associated-dementia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>(N.d.). Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved December 17, 2024, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science\/hiv-associated-dementia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science\/hiv-associated-dementia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Conti, L. (2024, September 19). <em>Childhood dementia: Symptoms, causes, treatment, outlook<\/em>. Healthline. https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dementia\/childhood-dementia<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Forme rare de demen\u021b\u0103 Cele mai comune forme de demen\u021b\u0103, de la boala Alzheimer, la demen\u021ba cu corpi Lewy \u0219i demen\u021ba de tip Parkinson sau demen\u021ba cauzat\u0103 de alcool au fost descrise \u00een articole precedente. De\u0219i aceste demen\u021be acoper\u0103 marea majoritate de cazuri diagnosticate, exist\u0103 anumite forme rare de demen\u021b\u0103, care sunt afec\u021biuni cu prevalen\u021b\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"6","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0","format":"standard","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neurologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1457"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1457\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2035,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1457\/revisions\/2035"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}