{"id":1574,"date":"2025-02-04T17:12:37","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T15:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=1574"},"modified":"2025-02-18T12:19:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T10:19:05","slug":"vitamina-b12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/vitamina-b12\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este vitamina B12?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Ce este vitamina B12?<\/h2>\n<p>Vitamina B12 este o vitamin\u0103 solubil\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103, prezent\u0103 \u00een mod natural \u00een unele alimente, dar care este disponibil\u0103 \u0219i sub form\u0103 de supliment alimentar. Aceasta este necesar\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea \u0219i buna func\u021bionare a sistemului nervos central.<\/p>\n<p>Vitamina B se absoarbe la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire, dar procesul \u00eencepe \u00een stomac unde molecula de vitamin\u0103 B12 se leag\u0103 de o protein\u0103 numit\u0103 <strong>factor intrinsec<\/strong> care ajut\u0103 ca aceasta s\u0103 fie absorbit\u0103 la nivelul s\u00e2ngelui.<\/p>\n<p>Excesul de vitamina B12 este eliminat prin urin\u0103, dar organismul poate stoca cantit\u0103\u021bi semnificative \u00een ficat pentru utilizare ulterioar\u0103, motiv pentru care caren\u021bele pot ap\u0103rea dup\u0103 ani de aport insuficient. Corpul nu produce vitamina B12, motiv pentru care este important ca aceasta s\u0103 fie introdus\u0103 prin alimenta\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p>Vitamina B12 con\u021bine mineralul Cobalt, compu\u0219ii vitaminei B12 fiind numi\u021bi cobalamine.<\/p>\n<h2>Unde se g\u0103se\u0219te vitamina B12?<\/h2>\n<p>Vitamina B12 este prezent\u0103 exclusiv \u00een produsele de origine animal\u0103, inclusiv \u00een pe\u0219te, carne, ou\u0103 \u0219i produse lactate.<\/p>\n<p>Unele produse vegetale fermentate (tempeh, alge, spirulin\u0103) pot con\u021bine cantit\u0103\u021bi minime de vitamina B12, dar aceasta este sub form\u0103 inactiv\u0103, care nu este utilizabil\u0103 de c\u0103tre organism.<\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i alimentele vegetale nu con\u021bin vitamina B12 \u00een mod natural, aceasta este adaugat\u0103 \u00een unele cereale pentru micul dejun \u0219i \u00een drojdii nutri\u021bionale. Formulele de lapte praf pentru sugari sunt \u0219i ele \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bite cu vitamina B12, aceasta exist\u00e2nd \u00een mod natural \u0219i \u00een laptele matern.<\/p>\n<p>At\u00e2t nivelul c\u00e2t \u0219i biodisponibilitatea acesteia variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de aliment. De exemplu, biodisponibilitatea este mai mare \u00een produsele lactate dec\u00e2t \u00een carne, iar \u00een suplimentele alimentare este cu aprox 50% mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een surse alimentare [1].<\/p>\n<p>Alimente care con\u021bin vitamina B12:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ficat de vit\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Scoici, stridii;<\/li>\n<li>Drojdie nutri\u021bional\u0103 fortificat\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Somon, ton;<\/li>\n<li>Carne tocat\u0103 de vit\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Lapte;<\/li>\n<li>Iaurt;<\/li>\n<li>Cereale fortificate;<\/li>\n<li>Br\u00e2nz\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Ou\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Tempeh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1576\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"512\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-1024x806.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-768x604.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-1536x1209.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-2048x1612.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-750x590.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alimente-1140x897.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Este disponibil\u0103 \u0219i \u00een suplimente multivitamine, \u00een general cele care con\u021bin mai multe vitamine din complexul B. \u00cen general \u00een suplimente se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een doze de de la 5 la 1.000 mcg [1].<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103, ca form\u0103 de administrare, sub forme orale sau sublinguale, sau, la recomandarea medicului, prin injectare intramuscular\u0103, \u00een cazul problemelor de absorb\u021bie, deficitului sever, sau anemiei pernicioase.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 nivelul vitaminei B12?<\/h2>\n<p>Vitamina B12 se m\u0103soar\u0103 prin nivelurile serice sau plasmatice. Limitele dintre nivelurile normale \u0219i deficien\u021b\u0103 variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de laborator, dar \u00een general sunt considerate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nivel normal &gt; 250 pg\/mL.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Nivel patologic, <strong>deficien\u021b\u0103 &lt; 200-250 pg\/mL<\/strong> [1].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cel mai sensibil marker al vitaminei B12 este reprezentat de nivelul crescut de acid metilmalonic seric (MMA), fiind un produs de metabolizare al acesteia. Nivelul MMA poate cre\u0219te \u0219i \u00een insuficien\u021ba renal\u0103 \u0219i tinde s\u0103 fie mai ridicat la adul\u021bii \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt marker este reprezentat de homocisteina plasmatic\u0103, care cre\u0219te pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce vitamina B12 scade, \u00eens\u0103 poate fi influen\u021bat \u0219i de nivelul de acid folic (vitamina B9) sau de func\u021bia renal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Testul de holotranscobalamin\u0103<\/strong> este un alt marker util, deoarece m\u0103soar\u0103 forma activ\u0103 a vitaminei B12.<\/p>\n<p>Valorile recomandate pentru aportul zilnic de vitamina B12 variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i de starea fiziologic\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sugari, copii:<\/strong> \u00eentre 0.5 \u0219i 4.0 \u00b5g pe zi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adolescen\u021bi \u0219i adul\u021bi:<\/strong> 2.4 &#8211; 4.0 \u00b5g pe zi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Femei \u00eens\u0103rcinate:<\/strong> 4.5 \u00b5g pe zi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Femei care al\u0103pteaz\u0103:<\/strong> 5.5 \u00b5g pe zi [2].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aceste valori sunt orientative \u0219i asigur\u0103 necesarul zilnic pentru o func\u021bionare optim\u0103 a organismului.<\/p>\n<p>Persoanele cu <strong>diet\u0103 vegetarian\u0103 sau vegan\u0103<\/strong> ar trebui s\u0103 consume suplimente sau alimente fortificate.<\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Prezenta\u021bi simptome ale deficien\u021bei de vitamina B12? <\/strong>Programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la o consulta\u021bie <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia <strong>Institutului RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<\/span><b> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <strong>luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele 08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de <strong>miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele 08:00 &#8211; 18:00<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online neurologie<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? Institutul RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/telemedicina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt beneficiile vitaminei B12?<\/h2>\n<p>Beneficiile vitaminei B12 sunt [3]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sus\u021bine s\u0103n\u0103tatea<strong> sistemului osos<\/strong>, prevenind osteoporoza \u0219i riscul de fracturi \u00een special la femeile \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Protejeaz\u0103 vederea<\/strong> \u0219i previne degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 legat\u0103 de v\u00e2rst\u0103 &#8211; o afec\u021biune progresiv\u0103 ce duce la vedere neclar\u0103 \u0219i sensibilitate crescut\u0103 la lumin\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imbun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te simptomele de depresiei<\/strong>, oboselii \u0219i a tulbur\u0103rile de dispozi\u021bie, av\u00e2nd un rol esen\u021bial \u00een produc\u021bia de serotonin\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sus\u021bine s\u0103n\u0103tatea creierului \u0219i func\u021bia cognitiv\u0103<\/strong>, deficien\u021ba acesteia fiind corelat\u0103 cu declin cognitiv \u0219i demen\u021b\u0103 la v\u00e2rstnici. Mai mult, previne neuropatia, care se manifest\u0103 cu amor\u021beal\u0103, furnic\u0103turi \u00een m\u00e2ini \u0219i picioare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cre\u0219te nivelul de energie \u0219i combate anemia<\/strong>, fiind esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru producerea globulelor ro\u0219ii.<\/li>\n<li>Sprijin\u0103 <strong>s\u0103n\u0103tatea cardiovascular\u0103.<\/strong> B12 ajut\u0103 la reducerea nivelului de homocistein\u0103, un aminoacid care, \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari, poate cre\u0219te riscul de boli cardiovasculare.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beste <strong>s\u0103n\u0103tarea p\u0103rului, a pielii \u0219i a unghiilor<\/strong>, contribuind la re\u00eenoirea celular\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1575\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"224\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii-300x96.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii-1024x328.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii-768x246.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii-1536x492.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii-750x240.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beneficii-1140x365.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Vitamina B12 \u00een sarcin\u0103 \u0219i al\u0103ptare<\/h2>\n<p>Vitamina B12 este deosebit de important\u0103 pentru fetu\u0219i \u0219i bebelu\u0219i, aceasta sus\u021bin\u00e2nd dezvoltarea sistemului lor nervos \u0219i producerea de globule ro\u0219ii. Deficien\u021ba poate duce la leziuni neurologice permanente, motiv pentru care ace\u0219tia trebuie s\u0103 consume suficient\u0103 vitamina B12, fie prin laptele matern de la o mam\u0103 care consum\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi adecvate, fie prin lapte praf.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 o mam\u0103 care al\u0103pteaz\u0103 are, din diverse motive \u2013 precum o diet\u0103 strict vegetarian\u0103 sau vegan\u0103 \u2013 caren\u021b\u0103, atunci este probabil ca \u0219i sugarul s\u0103 aib\u0103. Din acest considerent, este important\u0103 testarea \u0219i suplimentarea, precum \u0219i monitorizarea.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen timpul sarcinii, vitamina B12 ajunge prin placent\u0103 la f\u0103t, iar apoi prin laptele matern. Mamele pot prezenta diverse caren\u021be \u00een timpul sarcinii \u0219i al\u0103pt\u0103rii, precum de vitamina B12, acid folic (vitamina B9), fier \u0219i calciu, atunci c\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Au suferit o procedur\u0103 medical\u0103 precum opera\u021bia de bypass gastric;<\/li>\n<li>Au anemie pernicioas\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Au tulbur\u0103ri gastrointestinale [4].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>Vitamina B12 are un rol esen\u021bial \u00een func\u021bionarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii sistemului nervos precum \u0219i a altor sisteme. Nefiind sintetizat\u0103 de organismul uman, suplimentarea acesteia este esen\u021bial\u0103. Aceasta se g\u0103se\u0219te preponderent \u00een alimente de origine animal\u0103 precum carnea \u0219i lactatele, motiv pentru care persoanele care urmeaz\u0103 o diet\u0103 vegetarian\u0103 sau vegan\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 suplimenteze cu alimente fortificate sau suplimente alimentare.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Vitamin B12<\/em>. (n.d.). Nih.gov. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from <a href=\"https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Str\u00f6hle A, Richter M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gross M, Neuh\u00e4user-Berthold M, Wagner KH, Leschik-Bonnet E, Egert S; German Nutrition Society (DGE). The Revised D-A-CH-Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B12 : Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Mar;63(6):e1801178. doi: 10.1002\/mnfr.201801178. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PMID: 30657638; PMCID: PMC6590120.<\/li>\n<li>Duggan C, Srinivasan K, Thomas T, Samuel T, Rajendran R, Muthayya S, Finkelstein JL, Lukose A, Fawzi W, Allen LH, Bosch RJ, Kurpad AV. Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status. J Nutr. 2014 May;144(5):758-64. doi: 10.3945\/jn.113.187278. Epub 2014 Mar 5. PMID: 24598885; PMCID: PMC3985831.<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding-special-circumstances\/hcp\/diet-micronutrients\/vitamin-b12.html<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce este vitamina B12? Vitamina B12 este o vitamin\u0103 solubil\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103, prezent\u0103 \u00een mod natural \u00een unele alimente, dar care este disponibil\u0103 \u0219i sub form\u0103 de supliment alimentar. Aceasta este necesar\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea \u0219i buna func\u021bionare a sistemului nervos central. Vitamina B se absoarbe la nivelul intestinului sub\u021bire, dar procesul \u00eencepe \u00een stomac unde [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"6","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0","format":"standard","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1574"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1610,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1574\/revisions\/1610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}