Cele mai importante semne \u0219i simptome ale astmului bron\u0219ic sunt:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Respira\u021bie dificil\u0103;<\/li>\n
- Senza\u021bie de str\u00e2nsoare \u00een piept;<\/li>\n
- Durere \u00een piept;<\/li>\n
- Expira\u021bie zgomotoas\u0103 (\u00een special la copii);<\/li>\n
- Crize de tuse;<\/li>\n
- Respira\u021bie \u0219uier\u0103toare;<\/li>\n
- Tulbur\u0103ri de somn \u0219i oboseal\u0103 (cauzate de respira\u021bia dificil\u0103).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Simptome-scaled.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nCare sunt cauzele astmului bron\u0219ic?<\/h2>\n
Cauzele astmului bron\u0219ic pot fi de diverse feluri.<\/p>\n
Astmul poate avea cauze genetice \u0219i epigenetice <\/strong>[3,4].<\/p>\n
Cauzele de mediu<\/strong> [5] pot fi alergice (polen, praf, mucegai, p\u0103r de animale, acarieni, fum de \u021bigar\u0103 [6], etc.), sau non-alergice (stres emo\u021bional, efort fizic, aer poluat, condi\u021bii meteo, etc.).<\/p>\n
Astmul poate avea cauze profesionale<\/strong>, precum expunerea la vaporii unor substan\u021be iritante [7]), sau cauze determinate de alte afec\u021biuni <\/strong>(boala pulmonar\u0103 cronic\u0103 obstructiv\u0103 [8], boala de reflux esofagian [9], infec\u021bii respiratorii [10], etc.).<\/p>\n
Astmul poate fi cauzat de unele medicamente<\/strong> antiinflamatoare [11], sau anumite alimente <\/strong>[12], unii aditivi alimentari \u0219i conservan\u021bi [13]).<\/p>\n
Cum pute\u021bi afla dac\u0103 ave\u021bi astm bron\u0219ic?<\/h2>\n
Dac\u0103 a\u021bi observat apari\u021bia repetat\u0103 a unuia sau mai multor simptome (descrise anterior), atunci este recomandat s\u0103 v\u0103 programa\u021bi la o consulta\u021bie de specialitate. Testele principale [14] pentru astmul bron\u0219ic sunt:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Dozarea FeNO<\/strong> (pentru a evalua gradul de inflama\u021bie a c\u0103ilor respiratorii);<\/li>\n
- Spirometrie<\/strong><\/a> (pentru a evalua volumul de aer \u0219i viteza maxim\u0103 a respira\u021biei).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00cen func\u021bie de cauzele astmului bron\u0219ic, medicul mai poate recomanda:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Radiografie toracic\u0103<\/strong> (pentru identificarea cauzelor determinate de alte afec\u021biuni subiacente);<\/li>\n
- Teste de alergie<\/strong> (pentru identificarea cauzelor de mediu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Teste-detectare-scaled.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n
Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi probleme respiratorii \u0219i crede\u021bi c\u0103 ar putea fi astm bron\u0219ic, programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la un consult <\/span>contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<\/span> 0374 46 2222<\/a><\/b>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele 08:00 – 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele 08:00 – 18:00<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Program\u0103ri online neurologie<\/a><\/p>\n
Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? Institutul RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <\/span>telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n
Cum poate fi controlat astmul bron\u0219ic?<\/h2>\n
Cu tratament, majoritatea persoanelor cu astm pot duce o via\u021b\u0103 normal\u0103. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, c\u00e2teva metode simple cu ajutorul c\u0103rora pute\u021bi s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi simptomele sub control [15], precum:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Medicamente sub form\u0103 de tablete sau siropuri<\/strong> (pentru controlarea simptomelor de astm sau alergii);<\/li>\n
- Inhalatoare<\/strong> (pentru reducerea simptomelor sau pentru prevenirea apari\u021biei acestora);<\/li>\n
- Monitorizarea simptomelor<\/strong> (cu ajutorul spirometrelor \u0219i debitmetrelor portabile);<\/li>\n
- Vaccinarea periodic\u0103 contra infec\u021biilor respiratorii<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Gestionarea-astmului-bronsic-scaled.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nDe asemenea, este important s\u0103 \u021bine\u021bi cont \u0219i de factorii perturbatori sau declan\u0219atori [16], evit\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Alergenii din aer, locuin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i alimente;<\/li>\n
- Fumatul \u0219i expunerea la fumat;<\/li>\n
- Stresul \u0219i emo\u021biile puternice;<\/li>\n
- Medicamente cu reac\u021bii adverse la pacien\u021bii cu astm;<\/li>\n
- Efortul fizic prelungit;<\/li>\n
- Obezitatea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00cen anumite cazuri, copiii care s-au n\u0103scut cu bronhii m\u0103rite pot experimenta o remisie la v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103 [17]. Alte cercet\u0103ri au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 copiii cu astm bron\u0219ic episodic u\u0219or sunt mai predispu\u0219i la atenuarea simptomelor pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc, \u00een timp ce cei cu astm bron\u0219ic persistent \u0219i sever \u00een timpul copil\u0103riei, sunt mai predispu\u0219i la simptome continue p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103 [18].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Cum pute\u021bi afla dac\u0103 a\u021bi intrat \u00een contact cu un alergen?<\/h2>\n
Primele semne care indic\u0103 o posibil\u0103 reac\u021bie alergic\u0103 [19], put\u00e2nd declan\u0219a un episod de astm bron\u0219ic sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Secre\u021bii nazale abundente continue (exemplu: rinita alergic\u0103);<\/li>\n
- Nas \u00eenfundat;<\/li>\n
- Senza\u021bie de m\u00e2nc\u0103rime pe piele;<\/li>\n
- Str\u0103nuturi repetate \u00eenso\u021bite \u0219i de secre\u021bii nazale abundente;<\/li>\n
- Prurit (erup\u021bii cutanate);<\/li>\n
- Inflama\u021bii (la ochi, buze, gur\u0103 sau g\u00e2t);<\/li>\n
- Diaree;<\/li>\n
- Dureri \u00een jurul obrajilor, ochilor sau frun\u021bii;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Concluzii<\/h2>\n
Astmul bron\u0219ic este o boal\u0103 respiratorie cronic\u0103 care necesit\u0103 tratament continuu pentru a preveni simptomele \u0219i exacerb\u0103rile. Persoanele cu astm pot duce o via\u021b\u0103 activ\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 dac\u0103 respect\u0103 c\u00e2teva principii legate de stilul de via\u021b\u0103, diet\u0103, evitarea factorilor perturbatori \u0219i declan\u0219atori, dar mai ales evitarea fumatului \u0219i a fumatului pasiv.<\/p>\n
Dac\u0103 nu este tratat, astmul bron\u0219ic poate conduce la depresie, remodelarea c\u0103ilor respiratorii, exacerb\u0103ri severe \u00een urma infec\u021biilor respiratorii \u0219i atacuri severe de astm care pot amenin\u021ba via\u021ba.<\/p>\n
Este important ca planul de tratament al astmului bron\u0219ic s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil, deoarece promptitudinea interven\u021biei medicale interdisciplinare poate avea un impact semnificativ asupra rezultatelor pe termen lung, evit\u00e2ndu-se episoadele de exacerbare a simptomelor \u0219i complica\u021biile.<\/p>\n
Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n
- \n
- Cleveland Clinic, Asthma. Available at: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/6424-asthma<\/a><\/li>\n
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Asthma. Available at: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/asthma\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20369653<\/a><\/li>\n
- Bijanzadeh M, Mahesh PA, Ramachandra NB. An understanding of the genetic basis of asthma. Indian J Med Res. 2011 Aug;134(2):149-61. Available at: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3181014\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ntontsi P, Photiades A, Zervas E, Xanthou G, Samitas K. Genetics and Epigenetics in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 27;22(5):2412. doi: 10.3390\/ijms22052412. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33673725\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Cockcroft DW. Environmental Causes of Asthma. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Feb;39(1):12-18. doi: 10.1055\/s-0037-1606219. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29427981\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Strachan DP. The role of environmental factors in asthma. Br Med Bull. 2000;56(4):865-82. doi: 10.1258\/0007142001903562. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11359625\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Maestrelli P, Boschetto P, Fabbri LM, Mapp CE. Mechanisms of occupational asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Mar;123(3):531-42; quiz 543-4. doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.01.057. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19281901\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Leung JM, Sin DD. Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic targets. BMJ. 2017 Sep 25;358:j3772. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.j3772. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28947632\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Bowrey DJ, Peters JH, DeMeester TR. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in asthma: effects of medical and surgical antireflux therapy on asthma control. Ann Surg. 2000 Feb;231(2):161-72. doi: 10.1097\/00000658-200002000-00003. Available at: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC1420982\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Tondo P, Hoxhallari A, Lacedonia D, Magaletti P, Sabato R, Foschino Barbaro MP, Scioscia G. The CORE syndrome: an overlap of severe asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, rhinosinusitis, and esophageal reflux. Sleep Breath. 2024 Aug;28(4):1761-1765. doi: 10.1007\/s11325-024-03028-x. Epub 2024 Apr 16. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38627338\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Covar RA, Macomber BA, Szefler SJ. Medications as asthma triggers. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2005 Feb;25(1):169-90. doi: 10.1016\/j.iac.2004.09.009. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15579370\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Vassilopoulou E, Konstantinou GN, Dimitriou A, Manios Y, Koumbi L, Papadopoulos NG. The Impact of Food Histamine Intake on Asthma Activity: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 5;12(11):3402. doi: 10.3390\/nu12113402. Available at: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7694530\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Tarlo SM, Sussman GL. Asthma and anaphylactoid reactions to food additives. Can Fam Physician. 1993 May;39:1119-23. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8499792\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Brigham EP, West NE. Diagnosis of asthma: diagnostic testing. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015 Sep;5 Suppl 1:S27-30. doi: 10.1002\/alr.21597. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26335833\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Cloutier MM, Dixon AE, Krishnan JA, Lemanske RF Jr, Pace W, Schatz M. Managing Asthma in Adolescents and Adults: 2020 Asthma Guideline Update From the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. JAMA. 2020 Dec 8;324(22):2301-2317. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2020.21974. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33270095\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Deenen TA, Klip EC. Coping with asthma. Respir Med. 1993 Aug;87 Suppl B:67-70. doi: 10.1016\/0954-6111(93)90131-i. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8234973\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Assar S, Idani E, Monajemzadeh M, Ganai M, Rahim F. Remission of Childhood Asthma after Entering the Second Decade of Life: A Hospital Based Cohort. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1;12(2):124-128. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23754350\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Robertson CF. Long-term outcome of childhood asthma. Med J Aust. 2002 Sep 16;177(S6):S42-4. doi: 10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04813.x. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12225255\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Chabra R, Gupta M. Allergic and Environmentally Induced Asthma. 2023 Aug 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan\u2013. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30252274\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ce este astmul bron\u0219ic? Astmul bron\u0219ic este o boal\u0103 inflamatorie cronic\u0103 frecvent\u0103 a c\u0103ilor respiratorii ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor. Astmul apare atunci c\u00e2nd alergenii, polenul, praful sau alte particule sunt inhalate \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni. Ace\u0219tia provoac\u0103 contrac\u021bia bronhiolelor \u0219i producerea de mucus, care apoi restric\u021bioneaz\u0103 fluxul de oxigen c\u0103tre pl\u0103m\u00e2ni [1]. Astmul bron\u0219ic nu poate fi vindecat, dar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"6","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pneumologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1802"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1865,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1802\/revisions\/1865"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Asthma. Available at: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/asthma\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20369653<\/a><\/li>\n
- Cleveland Clinic, Asthma. Available at: https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/6424-asthma<\/a><\/li>\n
- Inhalatoare<\/strong> (pentru reducerea simptomelor sau pentru prevenirea apari\u021biei acestora);<\/li>\n
- Teste de alergie<\/strong> (pentru identificarea cauzelor de mediu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Spirometrie<\/strong><\/a> (pentru a evalua volumul de aer \u0219i viteza maxim\u0103 a respira\u021biei).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Dozarea FeNO<\/strong> (pentru a evalua gradul de inflama\u021bie a c\u0103ilor respiratorii);<\/li>\n