SPC apare mai des la adul\u021bi, \u0219i mai rar la copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bi. Se poate dezvolta at\u00e2t la pacien\u021bii care ini\u021bial au prezentat doar simptome u\u0219oare sau deloc, c\u00e2t \u0219i la cei care au avut o evolu\u021bie sever\u0103 a bolii cu COVID-19 [2].<\/p>\n
Aceste simptome pot dura s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, luni sau chiar mai mult \u0219i nu pot fi explicate printr-un diagnostic alternativ. Aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune persistent\u0103 este din ce \u00een ce mai mult recunoscut\u0103 ca o provocare semnificativ\u0103 pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea public\u0103 [3]. Literatura medical\u0103 le nume\u0219te Sechele Post-Acute ale Infec\u021biei cu SARS-CoV-2 \u0219i cuprinde o list\u0103 de peste 200 de simptome [4].<\/p>\n
Care sunt simptomele sindromului post-Covid?<\/h2>\n
Simptomele SPC sunt numeroase, multisistemice \u0219i au o intensitate variabil\u0103 \u00een timp. Cel mai frecvent simptom este oboseala, (suficient de sever\u0103 pentru a afecta activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice). Al\u021bi pacien\u021bi experimenteaz\u0103 a\u0219a-numita \u201ecea\u021b\u0103 mintal\u0103\u201d, (lips\u0103 de concentrare, uitare \u0219i oboseal\u0103 mintal\u0103). La acestea se mai adaug\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi persistente de respira\u021bie, febr\u0103 \u0219i tuse [5].<\/p>\n
\u00cen plus, pacien\u021bii pot avea dureri \u00een piept, palpita\u021bii, senza\u021bi de \u00een\u021bep\u0103turi, dureri articulare \u0219i musculare \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri neurologice, cum ar fi dureri de cap sau ame\u021beli. Pierderea mirosului \u0219i a gustului, care sunt simptome caracteristice ale COVID-19 acut, pot persista sau reap\u0103rea ulterior, \u00eenso\u021bite uneori \u0219i de alte simptome precum probleme gastrointestinale \u0219i dermatologice [6].<\/p>\n
Simptome psihologice, precum anxietatea, depresia \u0219i tulbur\u0103rile de somn, sunt, de asemenea, predominante. Profilul simptomelor se poate schimba sau evolua \u00een timp, ceea ce complic\u0103 at\u00e2t diagnosticul, c\u00e2t \u0219i tratamentul [7].<\/p>\n
- \n
- Oboseal\u0103 (stare general\u0103 de sl\u0103biciune);<\/li>\n
- Cea\u021b\u0103 mental\u0103 (tulbur\u0103ri cognitive);<\/li>\n
- Dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie, febr\u0103 \u0219i tuse;<\/li>\n
- Dureri \u00een piept, senza\u021bie de \u00een\u021bep\u0103turi, palpita\u021bii;<\/li>\n
- Dureri musculare \u0219i articulare;<\/li>\n
- Tulbur\u0103ri neurologice (dureri de cap, ame\u021beli);<\/li>\n
- Pierderea gustului sau a mirosului;<\/li>\n
- Tulbur\u0103ri de somn;<\/li>\n
- Depresie \u0219i anxietate;<\/li>\n
- Simptome gastrointestinale (dureri de stomac, diaree, constipa\u021bie);<\/li>\n
- Probleme dermatologice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/simptomele-sindromului-covid-scaled.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nResurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n
Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi una sau mai multe din simptomele enumerate \u0219i b\u0103nui\u021bi c\u0103 ar putea fi vorba de sindrom Post-COVID, programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la o consulta\u021bie\u00a0<\/span>contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia Institutului RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<\/span> 0374 46 2222<\/a><\/b>, luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele 08:00 – 19:00<\/strong>, iar de miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele 08:00 – 18:00<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Program\u0103ri online neurologie<\/a><\/p>\n
Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? Institutul RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <\/span>telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Care sunt cauzele \u0219i factorii de risc ale sindromului post-COVID?<\/h2>\n
Cercet\u0103rile recente sugereaz\u0103 o combina\u021bie de cauze \u0219i factori ale SPC, precum leziuni ale organelor, inflama\u021bie cronic\u0103, \u0219i anomalii de coagulare a s\u00e2ngelui [8].<\/p>\n
Persoanele cu afec\u021biuni preexistente, cum ar fi obezitatea, diabetul sau bolile cardiovasculare, par s\u0103 prezinte un risc mai mare. Interesant este c\u0103 sindromul afecteaz\u0103, de asemenea, \u00een mod dispropor\u021bionat femeile \u0219i persoanele cu v\u00e2rste cuprinse \u00eentre 30 \u0219i 50 de ani [9].<\/p>\n
Num\u0103rul simptomelor (mai mult de 5) \u0219i severitatea infec\u021biei ini\u021biale cu COVID-19 este un factor de risc pentru SPC. Cu toate acestea mul\u021bi pacien\u021bi cu sindrom post-COVID au avut doar o form\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103 cu COVID-19 [10,11].<\/p>\n
- \n
- Leziuni ale organelor interne;<\/li>\n
- Inflama\u021bie cronic\u0103;<\/li>\n
- Anomalii de coagulare;<\/li>\n
- Reactivarea virusurilor latente;<\/li>\n
- Comorbidit\u0103\u021bi preexistente (obezitate, diabet, boli cardiovasculare);<\/li>\n
- Num\u0103rul simptomelor \u0219i severitatea infec\u021biei ini\u021biale cu COVID-19;<\/li>\n
- V\u00e2rsta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/factori-de-risc-covid-scaled.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nCum se manifest\u0103 r\u0103spunsul imunologic \u00een timpul \u0219i dup\u0103 infec\u021bia cu COVID-19?<\/h2>\n
Virusul poate persista \u00een anumite \u021besuturi (tubul digestiv, interiorul pere\u021bilor vaselor sanguine), declan\u0219\u00e2nd continuu r\u0103spunsuri imune \u0219i cre\u0219terea gradului de coagulare a s\u00e2ngelui. Virusul se poate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi u\u0219or c\u0103tre alte sisteme \u0219i organe [12,13].<\/p>\n
\u00cen timpul \u0219i dup\u0103 infec\u021bia acut\u0103 cu COVID-19, unele persoane prezint\u0103 unui status inflamator sistemic (asociat cu r\u0103spuns imunologic prelungit) care poate genera simptome pe termen lung. Inflama\u021bia cronic\u0103 poate genera sau agrava boli autoimune [14].<\/p>\n
Infec\u021bia cu COVID-19 poate s\u0103 provoace o cascad\u0103 de modific\u0103ri ale sistemului imunitar. Acest fapt sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 un r\u0103spuns imunologic exagerat poate reprezenta factorul generator esen\u021bial al SPC [15].<\/p>\n
Virusul COVID-19 poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een organism o perioad\u0103 \u00eendelungat\u0103 de la infec\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a putea fi identificat prin testele conven\u021bionale [16].<\/p>\n
Care sunt cele mai frecvente afec\u021biuni post infec\u021bie COVID-19?<\/h2>\n
\u00cen urma infec\u021biei cu COVID-19, unele persoane dezvolt\u0103 afec\u021biuni asem\u0103n\u0103toare sau care se suprapun cu alte sindroame post-virale cunoscute. Un exemplu este encefalomielita mialgic\u0103 [17], (sindromul oboselii cronice), caracterizat\u0103 prin oboseal\u0103 intens\u0103, stare general\u0103 de r\u0103u post-efort \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi cognitive [18].<\/p>\n
Al\u021bi pacien\u021bi dezvolt\u0103 sindromul de tahicardie ortostatic\u0103 postural\u0103 [19], gener\u00e2nd simptome de ame\u021beal\u0103, tahicardie la ridicarea \u00een picioare \u0219i oboseal\u0103. De asemenea, au fost raportate cazuri de neuropatie cu fibre mici, (deteriorarea fibrelor nervoase mici) [20].<\/p>\n
Bolile autoimune, cum ar fi lupusul, tiroidita autoimun\u0103 sau artrita reumatoid\u0103, pot ap\u0103rea pentru prima dat\u0103 sau se pot agrava la persoanele predispuse [21]. Unii pacien\u021bi sufer\u0103 de probleme pulmonare pe termen lung (de exemplu fibroz\u0103 pulmonar\u0103 [22]), \u00een timp ce al\u021bii raporteaz\u0103 deficite cognitive asem\u0103n\u0103toare celor din cazul traumatismelor craniocerebrale [23].<\/p>\n
- \n
- Encefalomielit\u0103 mialgic\u0103 (sindromul de oboseal\u0103 cronic\u0103);<\/li>\n
- Sindrom de tahicardie postural\u0103 ortostatic\u0103;<\/li>\n
- Neuropatie cu fibre mici;<\/li>\n
- Boli autoimune (lupus, artita reumatoid\u0103, tiroidit\u0103 autoimun\u0103);<\/li>\n
- Fibroz\u0103 pulmonar\u0103;<\/li>\n
- Tulbur\u0103ri cognitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/afectiuni-post-covid-scaled.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nAceste afec\u021biuni post-COVID 19 reprezint\u0103 o preocupare clinic\u0103 major\u0103, necesit\u00e2nd o gestionare multidisciplinar\u0103 atent\u0103.<\/p>\n
Concluzii<\/h2>\n
SPC este o afec\u021biune complex\u0103, multisistemic\u0103, cu impact semnificativ asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii individuale \u0219i publice. Recunoa\u0219terea precoce, evaluarea cuprinz\u0103toare \u0219i \u00eengrijirea personalizat\u0103 sunt esen\u021biale.<\/p>\n
Trebuie continuate cercet\u0103rile \u00een vederea \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birii diagnosticului, tratamentului \u0219i a rezultatelor pe termen lung. Modelele de \u00eengrijire centrate pe pacient joac\u0103 un rol vital \u00een recuperare.<\/p>\n
Este important ca planul de tratament s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil, deoarece promptitudinea interven\u021biei medicale interdisciplinare poate avea un impact semnificativ asupra rezultatelor pe termen lung, evit\u00e2ndu-se episoadele de exacerbare a simptomelor SPC.<\/p>\n
Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n
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- Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Mar;21(3):133-146. doi: 10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2. Epub 2023 Jan 13. Erratum in: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Jun;21(6):408. doi: 10.1038\/s41579-023-00896-0. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36639608\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Chippa V, Aleem A, Anjum F. Postacute Coronavirus (COVID-19) Syndrome. [Updated 2024 Mar 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK570608\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Care Services; Committee on the Long-Term Health Effects Stemming from COVID-19 and Implications for the Social Security Administration; Spicer CM, Chu BX, Volberding PA, editors. Long-Term Health Effects of COVID-19: Disability and Function Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2024 Aug 21. 3, Selected Long-Term Health Effects Stemming from COVID-19 and Functional Implications. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK607399\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Debski M, Tsampasian V, Haney S, Blakely K, Weston S, Ntatsaki E, Lim M, Madden S, Perperoglou A, Vassiliou VS. Post-COVID-19 syndrome risk factors and further use of health services in East England. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022 Nov 30;2(11):e0001188. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001188. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36962824\/<\/a><\/li>\n
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- Weigel B, Inderyas M, Eaton-Fitch N, Thapaliya K, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Health-related quality of life in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Post COVID-19 Condition: a systematic review. J Transl Med. 2025 Mar 13;23(1):318. doi: 10.1186\/s12967-025-06131-z. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40075382\/<\/a><\/li>\n
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- Bandinelli F, Di Carlo M, Colantuono VA, Nozzoli F, Salaffi F, Chiocchetti B, Nucci E, Mastricci A, Gherardi E, Manetti M. Post-COVID-19 Small Fiber Neuropathy as a New Emerging Quality of Life-Threatening Disease: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms. 2025 Feb 2;13(2):328. doi: 10.3390\/microorganisms13020328. PMID: 40005694; Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40005694\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Milic G, Ristic M, Milosevic M, Mitovic N, Dimitrijevic L, Jesic Petrovic T, Salovic B. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Associated With Multiple Autoimmune Diseases (DM I-LADA, Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Pernicious Anemia): Case Report. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2024 Aug 4;17:11795514241267185. doi: 10.1177\/11795514241267185. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39105048\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Duong-Quy S, Vo-Pham-Minh T, Tran-Xuan Q, Huynh-Anh T, Vo-Van T, Vu-Tran-Thien Q, Nguyen-Nhu V. Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Facts-Challenges and Futures: A Narrative Review. Pulm Ther. 2023 Sep;9(3):295-307. doi: 10.1007\/s41030-023-00226-y. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37209374\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Zhao S, Toniolo S, Hampshire A, Husain M. Effects of COVID-19 on cognition and brain health. Trends Cogn Sci. 2023 Nov;27(11):1053-1067. doi: 10.1016\/j.tics.2023.08.008. Available at: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10789620\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ce este sindromul post-covid? Conform defini\u021biei Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, termenul de Sindrom Post-COVID (SPC) (numit \u0219i Long Covid), define\u0219te o afec\u021biune ce se manifest\u0103 prin mai multe simptome care persist\u0103 sau apar dup\u0103 faza acut\u0103 a COVID-19 [1]. SPC apare mai des la adul\u021bi, \u0219i mai rar la copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bi. Se poate dezvolta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"6","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,12,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pneumologie","category-cardiologie","category-neurologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1978"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2024,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions\/2024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Pierce JD, Shen Q, Cintron SA, Hiebert JB. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Nurs Res. 2022 Mar-Apr 01;71(2):164-174. doi: 10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000565. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34653099\/<\/a><\/li>\n
- Hallek M, Adorjan K, Behrends U, Ertl G, Suttorp N, Lehmann C. Post-COVID Syndrome. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2023;120(4):48-55. doi: 10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0409. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36633452\/<\/a><\/li>\n