{"id":2318,"date":"2026-06-08T19:57:30","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T17:57:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2026-06-08T19:57:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T17:57:30","slug":"adhd-la-copii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/adhd-la-copii\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum recunoa\u0219tem ADHD la copii?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Cum recunoa\u0219tem ADHD la copii?<\/h2>\n<p>Recunoa\u0219terea ADHD la copii are la baz\u0103 identificarea \u0219i evaluarea tiparelor comportamentale [6] persistente, care interfereaz\u0103 cu func\u021bionarea zilnic\u0103 precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Neaten\u021bia \u0219i uitarea,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hiperactivitatea,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Impulsivitatea.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2313\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"232\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-300x99.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-1024x339.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-768x254.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-1536x508.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-2048x678.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-750x248.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tipare-de-ADHD-la-copii-1140x377.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Neaten\u021bia \u0219i uitarea<\/strong> la copiii cu ADHD se poate manifesta prin [7]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een men\u021binerea concentr\u0103rii \u00een timpul sarcinilor,<\/li>\n<li>Gre\u0219eli din neglijen\u021b\u0103 la teme,<\/li>\n<li>Pierderea frecvent\u0103 a obiectelor,<\/li>\n<li>Faptul c\u0103 ei par s\u0103 nu asculte atunci c\u00e2nd li se vorbe\u0219te direct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2314\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"309\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--300x132.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--1024x452.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--768x339.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--1536x678.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--2048x904.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--750x331.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/neatentie-si-uitare-copii-adhd--1140x503.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Copiii se pot confrunta cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a urma instruc\u021biuni \u0219i uit\u0103 des responsabilit\u0103\u021bile zilnice put\u00e2nd fi u\u0219or distra\u0219i de stimuli [8].<\/p>\n<h2>Cum se manifest\u0103 hiperactivitatea la copiii cu ADHD?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Hiperactivitatea<\/strong> la copiii cu ADHD (numit\u0103 \u0219i Tulburare Hiperkinetic\u0103 cu Deficit de Aten\u021bie) [9] se poate manifesta prin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Agita\u021bie \u0219i mi\u0219c\u0103ri excesive,<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a r\u0103m\u00e2ne a\u0219ezat,<\/li>\n<li>Alergare, c\u0103\u021b\u0103rare, s\u0103rituri, rotiri, leg\u0103nare pe scaun \u00een situa\u021bii nepotrivite,<\/li>\n<li>Vorbire excesiv\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0219care repetitiv\u0103 care d\u0103 impresia c\u0103 persoana este \u201econdus\u0103 de un motor\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2316\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"285\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-1024x416.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-768x312.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-1536x624.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-2048x832.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-750x305.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hiperactivitate-copii-adhd-1140x463.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Aceste semne pot deveni evidente \u00eenc\u0103 de la gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103 sau \u0219coal\u0103 [10].<\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Dac\u0103 observa\u021bi o stare de hiperactivitate sau alte simptome din cele descrise la copilul dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219i b\u0103nui\u021bi c\u0103 ar putea fi vorba de ADHD, o evaluare a acestor probleme poate fi util\u0103 pentru a \u00een\u021belege cauzele \u0219i a primi recomand\u0103ri personalizate. Programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la o consulta\u021bie<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia <strong>Institutului RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<\/span><b> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <strong>luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele 08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de <strong>miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele 08:00 &#8211; 18:00<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online neurologie<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? Institutul RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/telemedicina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum se manifest\u0103 impulsivitatea la copiii cu ADHD?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Impulsivitatea<\/strong> la copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bi cu ADHD [11] se refer\u0103 la manifest\u0103ri tipice precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00centreruperea frecvent\u0103 a conversa\u021biilor adul\u021bilor sau colegilor de clas\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a a\u0219tepta r\u00e2ndul la jocuri \u0219i \/ sau conversa\u021bii,<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103spunsuri formulate spontan \u0219i prematur.<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a respecta regulile,<\/li>\n<li>Angajarea \u00een comportamente \/ activit\u0103\u021bi ce pot crea conflicte sau accidente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2315\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"421\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-1024x718.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-768x539.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-1536x1077.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-2048x1436.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-750x526.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impulsivitate-copii-adhd-1140x800.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Cum se manifest\u0103 b\u0103ie\u021bii cu ADHD?<\/h2>\n<p>Copiii cu ADHD pot lua decizii rapide f\u0103r\u0103 a \u021bine cont de consecin\u021be [12]. ADHD nu se manifest\u0103 identic la to\u021bi copiii, ele av\u00e2nd diferen\u021be specifice \u00een func\u021bie de gen [13].<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u0103ie\u021bii<\/strong> sunt mai predispu\u0219i la comportamente hiperactive \u0219i impulsive [14] (mai ales \u00een s\u0103lile de clas\u0103) ei fiind identifica\u021bi mai devreme din cauza simptomelor vizibile [15] precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vorbire nepotrivit\u0103, \u00eentrerupt\u00e2nd sau deranj\u00e2nd activitatea \u0219colar\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Reactivitate spontan\u0103, nepotrivit\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Risc crescut de comportamente disruptive precum certuri sau conflicte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen cazul b\u0103ie\u021bilor se observ\u0103 numeroase dificult\u0103\u021bi \u0219colare, interac\u021biuni sociale tensionate \u0219i probleme de gestionare a emo\u021biilor, simptomele put\u00e2nd avea un debut la v\u00e2rste foarte tinere, acestea continu\u00e2nd \u00een adolescen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i via\u021ba adult\u0103 [16].<\/p>\n<h2>Cum se manifest\u0103 fetele cu ADHD?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Fetele<\/strong> cu ADHD sunt recunoscute prin simptome mai pu\u021bin vizibile precum [17]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neaten\u021bie persistent\u0103 \u0219i dezorganizare,<\/li>\n<li>Impresia de retragere, timiditate, lips\u0103 de motivare sau stare de visare cu ochii deschi\u0219i,<\/li>\n<li>Risc crescut de <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ce-este-anxietatea\/\">anxietate<\/a>, stim\u0103 de sine redus\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prin urmare, ADHD la fete este mai dificil de recunoscut [18], uneori doar \u00een timpul adolescen\u021bei, c\u00e2nd cerin\u021bele academice cresc.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum se diagnosticheaz\u0103 ADHD la copii?<\/h2>\n<p>Nu exist\u0103 rezultate consistente privind imagistica cerebral\u0103 sau analize de s\u00e2nge care s\u0103 poat\u0103 confirma ADHD [19]. Diagnosticul const\u0103 \u00eentr-o evaluare efectuat\u0103 de profesioni\u0219ti instrui\u021bi, (pediatri, psihologi, psihiatri pediatri) bazat\u0103 pe urm\u0103toarele criterii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Simptome persistente timp de cel pu\u021bin \u0219ase luni [20],<\/li>\n<li>Debut \u00eenainte de o anumit\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103 de dezvoltare (tipic \u00eentre 7 \u0219i 12 ani) [21],<\/li>\n<li>Simptome prezente \u00een contexte multiple (influen\u021be multifactoriale) [22],<\/li>\n<li>Deficien\u021b\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 a func\u021bion\u0103rii zilnice (la adolescen\u021bi \u0219i adul\u021bi) [23],<\/li>\n<li>Simptome care nu pot fi explicate mai bine de o alt\u0103 afec\u021biune [24].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Diagnosticarea ADHD este un proces clinic complex, av\u00e2nd la baz\u0103 mai multe etape precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Istoric detaliat,<\/li>\n<li>Observa\u021bii comportamentale,<\/li>\n<li>Informa\u021bii suplimentare din surse externe,<\/li>\n<li>Evaluare standardizat\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe chestionare,<\/li>\n<li>Analiza afec\u021biunilor subadiacente (unde e cazul).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Istoricul detaliat<\/strong> se refer\u0103 la culegerea unor informa\u021bii legate de func\u021bionare emo\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103, performan\u021b\u0103, repere ale dezvolt\u0103rii copilului precum \u0219i istoricul familial de ADHD sau afec\u021biuni conexe [25].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Observa\u021biile comportamentale<\/strong> realizate de specialist au rolul de a identifica gradul de impulsivitate, durata aten\u021biei, capacitatea de a urma instruc\u021biuni \u0219i diverse tipare de interac\u021biune [26].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Informa\u021biile suplimentare din surse externe<\/strong> sunt culese de la p\u0103rin\u021bi, profesori sau \u00eengrijitori deoarece simptomele apar \u00een anumite contexte. De exemplu, un copil poate fi neatent doar la \u0219coal\u0103, dar nu \u0219i acas\u0103 [27].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evaluarea standardizat\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe chestionare<\/strong> se realizeaz\u0103 conform Manualului de Diagnostic \u0219i Clasificare Statistic\u0103 a Tulbur\u0103rilor Mintale (DSM-5) [28] pentru confirmarea ADHD atunci c\u00e2nd sunt identificate cel pu\u021bin 6 simptome specifice de neaten\u021bie \u0219i\/sau hiperactivitate-impulsivitate, corelate cu v\u00e2rsta copilului.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analiza afec\u021biunilor subadiacente<\/strong> este necesar\u0103 pentru excluderea altor tulbur\u0103ri suplimentare, evit\u00e2nd supradiagnosticarea sau ignorarea unor probleme secundare [29].<\/p>\n<h2>Ce alte afec\u021biuni pot sem\u0103na cu ADHD la copii?<\/h2>\n<p>Multe afec\u021biuni pot imita ADHD, deoarece se manifest\u0103 prin simptome aproape identice dar au cauze diferite, precum [30]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare,<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri de anxietate,<\/li>\n<li>Depresie,<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri ale somnului,<\/li>\n<li>Deficien\u021be senzoriale,<\/li>\n<li>Traume \u0219i stres cronic,<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri de spectru autist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2317\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"811\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-scaled.jpg 1894w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-758x1024.jpg 758w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-768x1038.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-1137x1536.jpg 1137w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-1516x2048.jpg 1516w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-750x1013.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/afectiuni-similare-adhd-1140x1540.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tulbur\u0103rile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare<\/strong> pot face copiii s\u0103 par\u0103 neaten\u021bi deoarece au dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a \u00een\u021belege materialul academic. Un copil care nu poate urm\u0103ri o lec\u021bie din cauza dificult\u0103\u021bilor de procesare a con\u021binutului poate p\u0103rea distras [31].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tulbur\u0103rile de anxietate<\/strong> pot imita ADHD deoarece copiii care sunt \u00eengrijora\u021bi pot avea probleme de concentrare p\u0103r\u00e2nd nelini\u0219ti\u021bi din cauze emo\u021bionale [32].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Depresia<\/strong> favorizeaz\u0103 o motiva\u021bie redus\u0103, energie sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi de concentrare, care pot sem\u0103na cu simptomele ADHD [33].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Problemele de somn<\/strong> la copii favorizeaz\u0103 iritabilitate, aten\u021bie deficitar\u0103 \u0219i hiperactivitate \u00een timpul zilei, acestea put\u00e2nd fi u\u0219or confundate cu simptomele ADHD [34].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Deficien\u021bele senzoriale<\/strong>, precum problemele de auz sau de vedere, sugereaz\u0103 o stare aparent\u0103 de neaten\u021bie, deoarece copilul nu poate percepe corect ceea ce vede sau aude [35].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Traumele \u0219i stresul cronic<\/strong> pot contribui la apari\u021bia unor comportamente care seam\u0103n\u0103 cu ADHD, precum distractibilitate, reactivitate emo\u021bional\u0103 crescut\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103spunsuri impulsive [36].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tulbur\u0103rile de spectru autist<\/strong> se manifest\u0103 prin simptome care se pot suprapune cu ADHD, \u00eens\u0103 diferen\u021bele de comunicare social\u0103 sunt caracteristici distinctive [37].<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Simptomele ADHD sunt cronice, omniprezente \u0219i consistente \u00een diferite contexte, \u00een timp ce alte afec\u021biuni prezint\u0103 tipare sau caracteristici distinctive suplimentare, toate acestea necesit\u00e2nd o evaluare atent\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Ce afec\u021biuni apar frecvent \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ADHD la copii?<\/h2>\n<p>ADHD exist\u0103 rareori izolat. Mul\u021bi copii au afec\u021biuni concomitente care influen\u021beaz\u0103 simptomele \u0219i planurile de tratament, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i cele care seam\u0103n\u0103 cu ADHD. \u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de acestea, mai pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u0219i altele precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tulburarea opozi\u021bionist-sfid\u0103toare (iritabilitate, certuri \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 la autoritate) [38];<\/li>\n<li>Tulburare de conduit\u0103 (agresivitate, \u00eenc\u0103lcarea regulilor) [39];<\/li>\n<li>Tulburarea de dereglare disruptiv\u0103 a dispozi\u021biei (iritabilitate cronic\u0103, izbucniri de furie) [40];<\/li>\n<li>Boala ticurilor (ticuri motorii \u0219i vocale involuntare, rapide \u0219i repetitive) [41];<\/li>\n<li>Tulburarea bipolar\u0103 (st\u0103ri de depresie \u00een alternan\u021b\u0103 cu dispozi\u021bie anormal de crescut\u0103) [42];<\/li>\n<li>Tulburarea obsesiv-compulsiv\u0103 (rutine repetate \u00eenso\u021bite de g\u00e2nduri obsesive) [43],<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prezen\u021ba acestor comorbidit\u0103\u021bi poate complica tabloul clinic al ADHD \u0219i este necesar\u0103 o \u00eengrijire integrat\u0103 care s\u0103 abordeze toate nevoile copilului.<\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>ADHD este una dintre cele mai frecvente afec\u021biuni de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/\">neurodezvoltare<\/a> la copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bi. Ea influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care un copil \u00ee\u0219i regleaz\u0103 aten\u021bia, gestioneaz\u0103 impulsurile \u0219i controleaz\u0103 nivelurile de activitate [1].<\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i mul\u021bi oameni asociaz\u0103 ADHD cu nelini\u0219te sau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/specialitati\/psihologie.html\">comportament perturbator<\/a>, afec\u021biunea este mult mai complex\u0103. ADHD poate afecta \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea, reglarea emo\u021bional\u0103, rela\u021biile \u0219i stima de sine [2].<\/p>\n<p>Diagnosticarea \u0219i recunoa\u0219terea timpurie a ADHD [3] este esen\u021bial\u0103 deoarece contribuie la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea semnificativ\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii \u0219i calit\u0103\u021bii vie\u021bii unui copil.<\/p>\n<p>Unele afec\u021biuni au simptome asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu cele ale ADHD, perturb\u00e2nd aten\u021bia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/specialitati\/neurologie.html\">comportamentul<\/a> sau reglarea emo\u021bional\u0103. Aceast\u0103 suprapunere poate face diagnosticul dificil [4].<\/p>\n<p>Identificarea ADHD nu este simpl\u0103, deoarece simptomele variaz\u0103 mult \u00eentre indivizi, ele fiind diferite la fete \u0219i b\u0103ie\u021bi \u0219i uneori se suprapun cu simptomele altor afec\u021biuni, fapt care influen\u021beaz\u0103 at\u00e2t diagnosticul, c\u00e2t \u0219i tratamentul [5]. Recunoa\u0219terea ADHD-ului la copii necesit\u0103 o observare atent\u0103, o evaluare cuprinz\u0103toare \u0219i o \u00een\u021belegere a modului \u00een care simptomele pot varia \u00eentre indivizi. Diferen\u021bele dintre b\u0103ie\u021bi \u0219i fete, prezen\u021ba unor afec\u021biuni asem\u0103n\u0103toare \u0219i alte comorbidit\u0103\u021bi necesit\u0103 o abordare interdisciplinar\u0103 cu ajutorul unor strategii comportamentale, adapt\u0103ri educa\u021bionale, \u0219i tratament medical. Dac\u0103 se intervine \u00een timp, copiii cu ADHD \u00ee\u0219i pot dezvolta punctele forte, pentru a-\u0219i cl\u0103di \u00eencrederea \u0219i succesul \u00een c\u00e2t mai multe domenii ale vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Magnus W, Anilkumar AC, Shaban K. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28722868\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder<\/a>. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28722868\/<\/li>\n<li>Mercugliano M. What is attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder?. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999;46(5):831-843. doi:10.1016\/s0031-3955(05)70157-7. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10570690\/<\/li>\n<li>Long N, Coats H. The need for earlier recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in primary care: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the experience of receiving a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. Fam Pract. 2022;39(6):1144-1155. doi:10.1093\/fampra\/cmac038. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35477774\/<\/li>\n<li>Sadek J. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Misdiagnosis: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10669410\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why Medical Evaluation Should Be a Part of ADHD Assessment<\/a>. Brain Sci. 2023;13(11):1522. Published 2023 Oct 28. doi:10.3390\/brainsci13111522. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10669410\/<\/li>\n<li>Skogli EW, Teicher MH, Andersen PN, Hovik KT, \u00d8ie M. ADHD in girls and boys&#8211;gender differences in co-existing symptoms and executive function measures. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:298. Published 2013 Nov 9. doi:10.1186\/1471-244X-13-298. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3827008\/<\/li>\n<li>Jerome D, Jerome L. Approach to diagnosis and management of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(10):732-736. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7571664\/<\/li>\n<li>McClain MB, Hasty Mills AM, Murphy LE. Inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity among children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity-disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil. 2017;70:175-184. doi:10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.09.009. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28957735\/<\/li>\n<li>Sroubek A, Kelly M, Li X. Inattentiveness in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Bull. 2013;29(1):103-110. doi:10.1007\/s12264-012-1295-6. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4440572\/<\/li>\n<li>Faraone SV, Bellgrove MA, Brikell I, et al. Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10(1):11. Published 2024 Feb 22. doi:10.1038\/s41572-024-00495-0. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38388701\/<\/li>\n<li>Sandberg S. Hyperkinetic or attention deficit disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1996;169(1):10-17. doi:10.1192\/bjp.169.1.10. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8818362\/<\/li>\n<li>Patros CH, Alderson RM, Kasper LJ, Tarle SJ, Lea SE, Hudec KL. Choice-impulsivity in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:162-174. doi:10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.11.001. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26602954\/<\/li>\n<li>Chachar AS, Shaikh MY. Decision-making and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: neuroeconomic perspective. Front Neurosci. 2024;18:1339825. Published 2024 Oct 23. doi:10.3389\/fnins.2024.1339825. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11538996\/<\/li>\n<li>Song HL, Kong JD, Wang QL, Zhou CX. Gender identity and its impact on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder manifestations: Challenges in diagnosis and assessment. World J Psychiatry. 2025;15(4):101952. Published 2025 Apr 19. doi:10.5498\/wjp.v15.i4.101952. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40309590\/<\/li>\n<li>Rucklidge JJ. Gender differences in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010;33(2):357-373. doi:10.1016\/j.psc.2010.01.006. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20385342\/<\/li>\n<li>Mowlem F, Agnew-Blais J, Taylor E, Asherson P. Do different factors influence whether girls versus boys meet ADHD diagnostic criteria? Sex differences among children with high ADHD symptoms. Psychiatry Res. 2019;272:765-773. doi:10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.128. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6401208\/<\/li>\n<li>Liu YS, Talarico F, Metes D, et al. Early identification of children with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). PLOS Digit Health. 2024;3(11):e0000620. Published 2024 Nov 7. doi:10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000620. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11542831\/<\/li>\n<li>Quinn PO, Madhoo M. A review of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in women and girls: uncovering this hidden diagnosis. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2014;16(3):PCC.13r01596. doi:10.4088\/PCC.13r01596. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4195638\/<\/li>\n<li>Wilson N, Why ADHD goes undiagnosed in girls. Nature Outlook ADHD 2026, doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-026-00098-7. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-026-00098-7.<\/li>\n<li>Magnus W, Anilkumar AC, Shaban K. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441838\/<\/li>\n<li>Van Meter AR, Sibley MH, Vandana P, et al. The stability and persistence of symptoms in childhood-onset ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024;33(4):1163-1170. doi:10.1007\/s00787-023-02235-3. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12490748\/<\/li>\n<li>Kieling C, Kieling RR, Rohde LA, et al. The age at onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(1):14-16. doi:10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09060796. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4478075\/<\/li>\n<li>Zeng XW, Hu LF, Cao XL, Yang BR, Wu ZM. Fluctuating course of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder across development: Multifactorial influences. World J Psychiatry. 2025;15(8):107780. Published 2025 Aug 19. doi:10.5498\/wjp.v15.i8.107780. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12362609\/<\/li>\n<li>Holst Y, Thorell LB. Functional impairments among adults with ADHD: A comparison with adults with other psychiatric disorders and links to executive deficits. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2020;27(3):243-255. doi:10.1080\/23279095.2018.1532429. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30624968\/<\/li>\n<li>Culpepper L, Mattingly G. Challenges in identifying and managing attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adults in the primary care setting: a review of the literature. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;12(6):PCC.10r00951. doi:10.4088\/PCC.10r00951pur. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3067998\/<\/li>\n<li>Waltereit J, Haas F, Ehrlich S, Roessner V, Waltereit R. Family and developmental history of ADHD patients: a structured clinical routine interview identifies a significant profile. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;270(8):1047-1061. doi:10.1007\/s00406-019-01047-4. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31399866\/<\/li>\n<li>Ostrander R, Weinfurt KP, Yarnold PR, August GJ. Diagnosing attention deficit disorders with the Behavioral Assessment System for Children and the Child Behavior Checklist: test and construct validity analyses using optimal discriminant classification trees. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66(4):660-672. doi:10.1037\/0022-006X.66.4.660. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9735584\/<\/li>\n<li>Olivetti E, Greiner S, Avesani P. ADHD diagnosis from multiple data sources with batch effects. Front Syst Neurosci. 2012;6:70. Published 2012 Oct 8. doi:10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00070. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3465911\/<\/li>\n<li>Swanson JM, Wigal T, Lakes K. DSM-V and the future diagnosis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2009;11(5):399-406. doi:10.1007\/s11920-009-0060-7. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3632645\/<\/li>\n<li>National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders; Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation; Shore C, Posey Norris SM, Berkower C, et al., editors. Adult Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Implications for Drug Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2024 Aug 14. 2, ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in the United States. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK606341\/<\/li>\n<li>Harrison JR, Vannest KJ, Reynolds CR. Behaviors that discriminate ADHD in children and adolescents: primary symptoms, symptoms of comorbid conditions, or indicators of functional impairment?. J Atten Disord. 2011;15(2):147-160. doi:10.1177\/1087054709356170. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20354233\/<\/li>\n<li>Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Crowell EW. Learning disabilities and ADHD: overlapping spectrumn disorders. J Learn Disabil. 2000;33(5):417-424. doi:10.1177\/002221940003300502. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15495544\/<\/li>\n<li>Waters DK, Baranek GT, Glenn E, et al. Unique and shared influences of anxiety and ADHD on the behavioral profile of autism in early childhood. Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025;4:1585507. Published 2025 Jun 5. doi:10.3389\/frcha.2025.1585507. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40538922\/<\/li>\n<li>Blackman GL, Ostrander R, Herman KC. Children with ADHD and depression: a multisource, multimethod assessment of clinical, social, and academic functioning. J Atten Disord. 2005;8(4):195-207. doi:10.1177\/1087054705278777. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16110050\/<\/li>\n<li>Malhi N, Weiss M, Waxmonsky J, Baweja R. Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A narrative review. World J Clin Pediatr. 2025;14(4):110612. Published 2025 Dec 9. doi:10.5409\/wjcp.v14.i4.110612. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12620782\/<\/li>\n<li>Li D, Luo X, Dang C, et al. Impaired sensory-motor integration in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder during visual search. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2026;67(1):17-26. doi:10.1111\/jcpp.70004. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40759587\/<\/li>\n<li>Humphreys KL, Watts EL, Dennis EL, King LS, Thompson PM, Gotlib IH. Stressful Life Events, ADHD Symptoms, and Brain Structure in Early Adolescence. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(3):421-432. doi:10.1007\/s10802-018-0443-5 https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6249129\/<\/li>\n<li>Martinez S, Stoyanov K, Carcache L. Unraveling the spectrum: overlap, distinctions, and nuances of ADHD and ASD in children. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1387179. Published 2024 Sep 13. doi:10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1387179. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11427400\/<\/li>\n<li>Jahangard L, Akbarian S, Haghighi M, et al. Children with ADHD and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder improved in behavior when treated with methylphenidate and adjuvant risperidone, though weight gain was also observed &#8211; Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Psychiatry Res. 2017;251:182-191. doi:10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.010. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28213188\/<\/li>\n<li>Faraone SV, Biederman J, Jetton JG, Tsuang MT. Attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: longitudinal evidence for a familial subtype. Psychol Med. 1997;27(2):291-300. doi:10.1017\/s0033291796004515. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9089822\/<\/li>\n<li>Carlson GA, Pataki C. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Among Children and Adolescents. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2016;14(1):20-25. doi:10.1176\/appi.focus.20150039. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6524443\/<\/li>\n<li>Lackey T, Ihyembe D, Riemenschneider Z, et al. Complex ADHD in a Child With Tic Disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2025;46(3):e332-e334. Published 2025 Jun 3. doi:10.1097\/DBP.0000000000001389. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40493907\/<\/li>\n<li>Giedd JN. Bipolar disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61 Suppl 9:31-34. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10826658\/<\/li>\n<li>Guzick AG, McNamara JPH, Reid AM, et al. The link between ADHD-like inattention and obsessions and compulsions during treatment of youth with OCD. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2017;12:1-8. doi:10.1016\/j.jocrd.2016.11.004. https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5619255\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cum recunoa\u0219tem ADHD la copii? Recunoa\u0219terea ADHD la copii are la baz\u0103 identificarea \u0219i evaluarea tiparelor comportamentale [6] persistente, care interfereaz\u0103 cu func\u021bionarea zilnic\u0103 precum: Neaten\u021bia \u0219i uitarea, Hiperactivitatea, Impulsivitatea. Neaten\u021bia \u0219i uitarea la copiii cu ADHD se poate manifesta prin [7]: Dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een men\u021binerea concentr\u0103rii \u00een timpul sarcinilor, Gre\u0219eli din neglijen\u021b\u0103 la teme, Pierderea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2322,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"6","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_popup_post":"1","show_comment_section":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neurologie","category-psihologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2318"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2321,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2318\/revisions\/2321"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}