{"id":2452,"date":"2026-10-12T14:14:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T12:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/?p=2452"},"modified":"2026-10-12T14:29:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T12:29:56","slug":"ticurile-nervoase-la-copii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ticurile-nervoase-la-copii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ticurile nervoase la copii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Ticurile nervoase la copii<\/h2>\n<p>Ticurile nervoase la copii sunt mi\u0219c\u0103ri sau sunete involuntare care apar repetitiv \u0219i, de obicei, pentru perioade scurte de timp [3]. Ticurile sunt frecvente \u00een timpul copil\u0103riei \u0219i apar, de obicei, \u00eentre v\u00e2rstele de 5 \u0219i 10 ani perioad\u0103 \u00een care sistemul nervos este \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een dezvoltare, b\u0103ie\u021bii fiind afecta\u021bi mai frecvent dec\u00e2t fetele [4].<\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i cauza ticurilor nu este suficient de bine \u00een\u021beleas\u0103, exist\u0103 o serie de factori [5] care contribuie la apari\u021bia sau intensitatea ticurilor nervoase, precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antecedente familiale cu tulbur\u0103ri de ticuri \u0219i factori genetici,<\/li>\n<li>Imaturitatea re\u021belelor cerebrale implicate \u00een controlul motor,<\/li>\n<li>Suprastimulare emo\u021bional\u0103, anxietate, stres,<\/li>\n<li>Oboseal\u0103, boal\u0103, sau somn insuficient,<\/li>\n<li>Afec\u021biuni ale neurodezvolt\u0103rii [6].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2457\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"452\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-768x578.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-1536x1156.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-2048x1542.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-750x565.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/factori-declansatori-1140x858.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea ticurilor care apar \u00een copil\u0103rie sunt temporare, se amelioreaz\u0103 \u00een primul an de la apari\u021bie, \u0219i nu indic\u0103 o boal\u0103 neurologic\u0103 grav\u0103. Totu\u0219i, atunci c\u00e2nd persist\u0103 o perioad\u0103 semnificativ\u0103, devin mai complexe sau afecteaz\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice ale copilului, este recomandat\u0103 o evaluare neurologic\u0103 pentru excluderea unor afec\u021biuni precum sindromul Tourette [1,2].<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vizionarea de con\u021binut online suprastimulant, seara t\u00e2rziu (jocuri, imagini cu schimb\u0103ri rapide, expunerea la notific\u0103ri, etc) poate de asemenea cre\u0219te frecven\u021ba ticurilor [7-11].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Mituri \u0219i realit\u0103\u021bi despre ticurile la copii<\/h2>\n<p>Miturile legate de ticuri pot genera anxietate \u00een r\u00e2ndul p\u0103rin\u021bilor contribuind la stigmatizarea copiilor afecta\u021bi. Lipsa de informare creeaz\u0103 interpret\u0103ri eronate precum gesturi inten\u021bionate, semne ale unei educa\u021bii deficitare sau manifest\u0103ri ale unor probleme psihice severe [12].<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, ticurile sunt manifest\u0103ri neurologice involuntare, tranzitorii \u0219i au un prognostic favorabil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitul 1: \u201eCopilul face ticurile inten\u021bionat.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, ticurile nu sunt voluntare. De\u0219i unii copii reu\u0219esc s\u0103 le am\u00e2ne pentru perioade scurte, acest lucru necesit\u0103 un efort considerabil \u0219i este urmat de reapari\u021bia ticurilor cu o intensitate mai mare. Prin urmare, solicitarea de a \u201ese opri\u201d poate cre\u0219te disconfortul \u0219i frecven\u021ba ticurilor [13].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitul 2: \u201eTicurile apar din cauza unei educa\u021bii gre\u0219ite.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, p\u0103rin\u021bii nu sunt responsabili pentru dezvoltarea acestora, chiar dac\u0103 ele pot avea o component\u0103 neurologic\u0103 \u0219i genetic\u0103. Prin urmare, \u00eenvinov\u0103\u021birea p\u0103rin\u021bilor este nejustificat\u0103 \u0219i contraproductiv\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitul 3: \u201eTo\u021bi copiii cu ticuri au sindrom Tourette.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, Sindromul Tourette reprezint\u0103 doar una dintre formele tulbur\u0103rilor de ticuri \u0219i este mult mai rar dec\u00e2t ticurile tranzitorii. [14].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitul 4: \u201eTicurile nu ar trebui ignorate.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, focalizarea excesiv\u0103 asupra ticurilor accentueaz\u0103 anxietatea \u0219i f\u0103c\u00e2nd ticurile mai frecvente [15].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitul 5: \u201eTicurile vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne toat\u0103 via\u021ba.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, ticurile flucteaz\u0103 \u00een intensitate, dar se atenueaz\u0103 mult odat\u0103 cu maturizarea sistemului nervos [16].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitul 6: \u201eCopiii cu ticuri au \u00eentotdeauna probleme intelectuale sau psihice.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00cen realitate<\/em><\/strong>, ticurile nu afecteaz\u0103 inteligen\u021ba copilului \u0219i nu indic\u0103 existen\u021ba unei tulbur\u0103ri psihice. Majoritatea copiilor au o dezvoltare cognitiv\u0103 normal\u0103,av\u00e2nd rezultate \u0219colare bune [17].<\/p>\n<h2>Resurse \u0219i suport pentru pacien\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Dac\u0103 a\u021bi observat la copilul dumneavoastr\u0103 oricare din simptomele men\u021bionate \u00een articol \u0219i b\u0103nui\u021bi c\u0103 este vorba de ticuri nervoase, o evaluare poate fi util\u0103 pentru a \u00een\u021belege cauzele \u0219i a primi recomand\u0103ri personalizate. Programa\u021bi-v\u0103 acum la o consulta\u021bie <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contact\u00e2nd recep\u021bia <strong>Institutului RoNeuro<\/strong> la num\u0103rul de telefon<\/span><b> <a href=\"tel:+40374462222\">0374 46 2222<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <strong>luni \u0219i mar\u021bi \u00eentre orele 08:00 &#8211; 19:00<\/strong>, iar de <strong>miercuri p\u00e2n\u0103 vineri \u00eentre orele 08:00 &#8211; 18:00<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La momentul program\u0103rii, pute\u021bi opta \u0219i pentru consulta\u021bie neurologic\u0103 gratuit\u0103, decontat\u0103 prin Casa Na\u021bional\u0103 de Asigur\u0103ri de S\u0103n\u0103tate. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background-color: #6852ed; color: white; text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/progamari.html\">Program\u0103ri online neurologie<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 izolat\u0103 sau nu v\u0103 pute\u021bi deplasa la clinic\u0103? Institutul RoNeuro ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biunea de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/telemedicina.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">telemedicin\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum recunoa\u0219tem un tic nervos?<\/h2>\n<p>Ticurile nevoase sunt rapide, de scurt\u0103 durat\u0103, involuntare \u0219i repetitive, ap\u0103r\u00e2nd de mai multe ori pe parcursul zilei \u0219i pot fi motorii sau vocale. Acestea pot fi la r\u00e2ndul lor simple sau complexe (cele motorii implic\u00e2nd mai multe grupe musculare) [18].<\/p>\n<p>Tabelul urm\u0103tor descrie c\u00e2teva exemple de ticuri [19] motorii \u0219i vocale [20]:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2454\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"263\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-1024x384.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-1536x576.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-2048x768.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-750x281.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/ticuri-motorii-vs-vocale-1140x428.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Unii copii pot am\u00e2na pentru scurt timp apari\u021bia unui tic, \u00eens\u0103 acest lucru produce o senza\u021bie de tensiune sau discomfort fizic \u0219i psihic (asem\u0103n\u0103toare inten\u021biei de a suprima un str\u0103nut sau o m\u00e2nc\u0103rime) care dispare dup\u0103 manifestarea lui [7].<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ticurile se estompeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul activit\u0103\u021bilor focalizate \u0219i pe durata somnului. Copiii resimt un impuls nepl\u0103cut \u00eenainte de a efectua ticul, iar suprimarea temporar\u0103 este inconfortabil\u0103 [21].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ticurile se pot modifica \u00een timp. De exemplu, clipitul poate disp\u0103rea dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, fiind \u00eenlocuit de mi\u0219c\u0103ri ale umerilor. Acest model de schimbare este tipic pentru tulbur\u0103rile de ticuri din copil\u0103rie [22].<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2nd sunt ticurile trec\u0103toare \u0219i c\u00e2nd ar trebui s\u0103 ne facem griji?<\/h2>\n<p>Majoritatea ticurilor ap\u0103rute \u00een copil\u0103rie se reduc \u00een intensitate \u00een primele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni sau luni \u0219i dispar, de obicei, \u00een decurs de un an. Unele ticuri pot persista mai mult timp, dar f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 afecteze semnificativ func\u021bionarea copilului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, severitatea lor fluctueaz\u0103, intervalele asimptomatice altern\u00e2nd cu recuren\u021be scurte [23].<\/p>\n<p>Influen\u021ba \u0219i caracteristicile ticurilor tranzitorii la copii [24] este reprezentat\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torul tabel:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"custom-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Caracteristici comune<\/th>\n<th>Influen\u021b\u0103 asupra dezvolt\u0103rii<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Debuteaz\u0103 \u00een intervalul de v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eentre 5 \u0219i 10 ani<\/td>\n<td>Dezvoltarea neurologic\u0103 a copilului este normal\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ticurile motorii \u0219i\/sau vocale sunt simple<\/td>\n<td>Nu exist\u0103 interferen\u021be semnificative cu activit\u0103\u021bile zilnice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Simptomele dureaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin de un an<\/td>\n<td>Func\u021bionarea academic\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103 a copilului nu este afectat\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>C\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 apel\u0103m la medic \u00een cazul ticurilor la copii?<\/h2>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, p\u0103rin\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 apeleze la sfatul medical [<strong>20<\/strong>] de specialitate dac\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ticurile persist\u0103 mai mult de un an,<\/li>\n<li>Ticurile motorii \u0219i vocale apar \u00eempreun\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>Simptomele devin din ce \u00een ce mai severe,<\/li>\n<li>Ticurile provoac\u0103 durere sau auto-v\u0103t\u0103mare,<\/li>\n<li>Copilul se confrunt\u0103 cu agresiuni sau retragere social\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>Performan\u021ba \u0219colar\u0103 scade semnificativ,<\/li>\n<li>Copilul dezvolt\u0103 comportamente obsesive (anxietate, dificult\u0103\u021bi de aten\u021bie, etc),<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0219c\u0103rile sunt neobi\u0219nuite \u0219i prelungite,<\/li>\n<li>Ticurile devin asociate cu sl\u0103biciune, pierderea con\u0219tien\u021bei sau regresie \u00een dezvoltare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2455\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"555\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-1024x811.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-1536x1217.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-2048x1622.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-750x594.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sfatul-medicului-1140x903.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ticurile sunt u\u0219oare, nu afecteaz\u0103 via\u021ba copilului \u0219i au ap\u0103rut recent, de obicei se recomand\u0103 monitorizarea lor f\u0103r\u0103 a atrage aten\u021bia constant asupra copilului. Evaluarea medical\u0103 este recomandat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd apar semnele de alarm\u0103 men\u021bionate.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ticurile motorii \u0219i vocale persistente care dureaz\u0103 mai mult de un an pot indica sindromul Tourette (o tulburare de neurodezvoltare) [25]. Totu\u0219i, existen\u021ba unor ticuri persistente nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 automat sindrom Tourette; diagnosticul este stabilit pe baza tipului ticurilor, evolu\u021biei lor \u0219i evalu\u0103rii clinice. De asemenea, nu fiecare mi\u0219care repetitiv\u0103 a copilului reprezint\u0103 un tic [26].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Cum sunt diagnosticate ticurile nervoase la copii?<\/h2>\n<p>Pentru a recunoa\u0219te un tic nervos la copii, el nu trebuie confundat cu mi\u0219c\u0103ri specifice unor obiceiuri voluntare, comportamente compulsive sau tulbur\u0103ri de mi\u0219care. \u00cen acest context, diagnosticarea ticurilor nervoase la copii se bazeaz\u0103 pe istoricul medical \u0219i examen fizic [27], ce include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e2rsta copilului la debutul ticurilor,<\/li>\n<li>Tipul \u0219i frecven\u021ba ticurilor,<\/li>\n<li>Durata ticurilor,<\/li>\n<li>Istoricul familial,<\/li>\n<li>Factorii declan\u0219atori emo\u021bionali,<\/li>\n<li>Influen\u021ba asupra performan\u021bei \u0219colare,<\/li>\n<li>Influen\u021ba asupra dezvolt\u0103rii neurologice a copilului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>Diagnosticarea ticurilor trebuie s\u0103 exclud\u0103 prezen\u021ba altor afec\u021biuni care pot imita ticuri precum <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/bolile-care-seamana-cu-epilepsia\/\">convulsiile<\/a>, distonia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/specialitati\/psihiatrie.html\">comportamentele compulsive<\/a> sau anumite tulbur\u0103ri metabolice \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/\">neurologice<\/a> [28].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Majoritatea copiilor nu necesit\u0103 imagistic\u0103 cerebral\u0103, analize de s\u00e2nge sau electroencefalografie. Aceste investiga\u021bii sunt rezervate situa\u021biilor \u00een care simptomele sunt atipice sau se suspecteaz\u0103 o alt\u0103 afec\u021biune neurologic\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum sunt gestionate ticurile nervoase la copii?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/specialitati\/neurologie.html\">Tratamentul ticurilor<\/a> nervoase la copii depinde de severitatea simptomelor. Astfel, managementul ticurilor u\u0219oare [29] se refer\u0103 la:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Informarea copilului \u0219i familiei despre natura ticurilor,<\/li>\n<li>Reducerea aten\u021biei acordate simptomului \u0219i evitarea presiunii de a opri ticul [30],<\/li>\n<li>Reducerea stresului \u0219i a oboselii,<\/li>\n<li>Aplicarea unor tehnici simple de relaxare \u0219i respira\u021bie profund\u0103,<\/li>\n<li>\u00cencurajarea copilului de a se implica \u00een hobby-uri sau sporturi relaxante \u0219i pl\u0103cute,<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/specialitati\/psihologie.html\">Monitorizarea ticurilor \u00een timp<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2456\" src=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"529\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-1024x773.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-1536x1160.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-2048x1546.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-750x566.jpg 750w, https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/management-ticuri-usoare-1140x861.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul ticurilor [31] moderate sau severe necesit\u0103 abordarea unor terapii comportamentale complexe precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Antrenamentul de inversare a obiceiurilor<\/strong> (Habit-reversal training) [32] ajut\u0103 copiii s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 impulsul care precede un tic \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 cu o mi\u0219care voluntar\u0103 alternativ\u0103);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interven\u021bia Comportamental\u0103 Cuprinz\u0103toare pentru Ticuri<\/strong> [33] combin\u0103 mai multe tehnici comportamentale demonstr\u00e2nd o bun\u0103 eficacitate;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/afectiuni-neurologice-tratate-cu-toxina-botulinica\/\">Medica\u021bia poate fi luat\u0103 \u00een considerare<\/a> atunci c\u00e2nd ticurile produc disconfort semnificativ, afect\u00e2nd func\u021bionarea zilnic\u0103 a copilului, iar terapiile comportamentale sunt insuficiente [34].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Aten\u021bionare:<\/strong> Medicamentele sunt prescrise numai dup\u0103 o evaluare atent\u0103 de c\u0103tre specialist, deoarece pot produce efecte secundare [35] \u0219i nu sunt necesare pentru majoritatea copiilor.<\/p>\n<p>La fel de important\u0103 este identificarea \u0219i tratarea afec\u021biunilor asociate [36]. <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/ce-este-anxietatea\/\">Anxietatea<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/adhd-la-copii\/\">ADHD<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/tulburarea-obsesiv-compulsiva\/\">TOC<\/a> [37], <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roneuro.ro\/specialitati\/somnologie.html\">tulbur\u0103rile de somn<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/stresul-si-anxietatea\/\">stresul emo\u021bional<\/a> pot contribui substan\u021bial la severitatea ticurilor [38]. Abordarea acestor probleme favorizeaz\u0103 o sc\u0103dere a frecven\u021bei apari\u021biei ticurilor.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce pot face p\u0103rin\u021bii pentru a-\u0219i ajuta copilul?<\/h2>\n<p>Unii copii sunt influen\u021ba\u021bi nu doar de ticuri, ci \u0219i de modul \u00een care familia \u0219i cei din jur reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la acestea. Strategiile cele mai importante recomandate p\u0103rin\u021bilor [39-41] sunt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Men\u021binerea calmului \u0219i evitarea expresiilor de panic\u0103 sau a conflictelor emo\u021bionale,<\/li>\n<li>Ab\u021binerea de a cere copilului s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 ticul,<\/li>\n<li>Evitarea pedepselor, criticilor, sau a presiunii academice excesive<\/li>\n<li>Men\u021binerea unor rutine zilnice previzibile,<\/li>\n<li>Crearea condi\u021biilor necesare pentru un somn de calitate,<\/li>\n<li>\u00cencurajarea activit\u0103\u021bii fizice,<\/li>\n<li>L\u0103udarea punctelor forte care nu au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu ticul,<\/li>\n<li>Informarea profesorilor atunci c\u00e2nd simptomele interfereaz\u0103 cu preg\u0103tirea \u0219colar\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Copiii ar trebui s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 a avea un tic nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 ceva este \u201e\u00een neregul\u0103\u201d cu ei. Explica\u021biile simple, adecvate v\u00e2rstei, ajut\u0103 la reducerea frustr\u0103rii \u0219i st\u0103rii de vinov\u0103\u021bie [42]. Copiii se simt mai bine atunci c\u00e2nd \u0219tiu c\u0103 sunt accepta\u021bi indiferent de simptomele lor \u0219i c\u00e2nd adul\u021bii reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu r\u0103bdare \u0219i compasiune.<\/p>\n<h2>Modalit\u0103\u021bi de integrare \u0219colar\u0103 \u0219i combatere a stigmatiz\u0103rii copiilor cu ticuri nervoase<\/h2>\n<p>Deoarece ticurile sunt vizibile sau audibile, ele atrag aten\u021bia cre\u00e2nd nepl\u0103ceri, excludere sau h\u0103r\u021buire, afect\u00e2nd semnificativ stima de sine a unui copil, performan\u021ba academic\u0103 \u0219i dorin\u021ba de a participa la activit\u0103\u021bile \u0219colare [43-46].<\/p>\n<p>Fundamentele [47,48] unei incluziuni \u0219colare eficiente includ promovarea \u00een\u021belegerii \u0219i empatiei \u00eentre colegi, recunoa\u0219terea faptului c\u0103 ticurile sunt simptome neurologice involuntare, prevenirea bullying-ului \u0219i \u00eencurajarea particip\u0103rii egale a copiilor cu ticuri la toate activit\u0103\u021bile \u0219colare.<\/p>\n<p>Strategiile utile [49] la clas\u0103 includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Permiterea unor pauze scurte de mi\u0219care sau relaxare,<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103spunderea cu calm la ticuri f\u0103r\u0103 a atrage aten\u021bia supra lor,<\/li>\n<li>Acordarea timpului suplimentar la teste dac\u0103 ticurile interfereaz\u0103 cu concentrarea,<\/li>\n<li>A\u0219ezarea copilului \u00eentr-un loc care minimizeaz\u0103 observarea ticurilor de c\u0103tre colegi,<\/li>\n<li>\u00cencurajarea punctelor forte \u0219i a realiz\u0103rilor academice ale copilului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O colaborare regulat\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 [50,51] dintre p\u0103rin\u021bi \u0219i profesori include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Comunicarea deschis\u0103 ce include informarea profesorilor despre diagnosticul copilului, simptomele tipice \u0219i situa\u021biile care pot m\u0103ri frecven\u021ba ticurilor \u0219i informarea p\u0103rin\u021bilor despre comportamentul la clas\u0103 al copilului,<\/li>\n<li>Dezvoltarea de strategii comune pentru gestionarea situa\u021biilor stresante,<\/li>\n<li>Monitorizarea bun\u0103st\u0103rii emo\u021bionale \u0219i a progresului academic,<\/li>\n<li>Trimiterea copilului la consilieri \u0219colari sau psihologi, dac\u0103 apar dificult\u0103\u021bi,<\/li>\n<li>Respectarea intimit\u0103\u021bii copilului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Educarea colegilor de clas\u0103 reduce tensiunea rela\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i ne\u00een\u021belegerea. Discu\u021biile adecvate v\u00e2rstei despre diferen\u021bele neurologice, diversitate \u0219i empatie [52] contribuie la normalizarea prezen\u021bei ticurilor la un copil, ajut\u00e2nd colegii de clas\u0103 s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai toleran\u021bi \u0219i \u00eeng\u0103duitori.<\/p>\n<p>Stigmatizarea are consecin\u021be care se extind dincolo de sala de clas\u0103. Copiii critica\u021bi sau exclu\u0219i pot dezvolta anxietate, depresie, retragere social\u0103 sau sc\u0103derea stimei de sine. Aceste dificult\u0103\u021bi pot deveni mai invalidante dec\u00e2t ticurile \u00een sine [53].<\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd educatorii, p\u0103rin\u021bii, profesioni\u0219tii din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u0219i colegii de clas\u0103 colaboreaz\u0103 [54-56], copiii cu ticuri nervoase \u00eencep s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dezvolte \u00eencredere, rela\u021bii pozitive cu colegii \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bindu-\u0219i rezultatele la \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tur\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Prin \u00eenlocuirea concep\u021biilor gre\u0219ite cu informa\u021bii corecte, empatie [57,58] \u0219i activit\u0103\u021bi educa\u021bionale adecvate, \u0219colile pot deveni medii \u00een care fiecare copil se simte acceptat, sus\u021binut \u0219i \u00eemputernicit s\u0103 reu\u0219easc\u0103, indiferent de diferen\u021bele neurologice.<\/p>\n<h2>Concluzii<\/h2>\n<p>Ticurile nervoase sunt o component\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii copil\u0103riei \u0219i \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, reprezint\u0103 o afec\u021biune temporar\u0103 \u0219i benign\u0103. Ele apar din interac\u021biunea factorilor genetici, neurologici \u0219i de mediu, \u0219i nu se datoreaz\u0103 unui comportament inten\u021bionat sau o educa\u021bie parental\u0103 deficitar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea ticurilor din copil\u0103rie dispar \u00een decurs de un an. Stresul, oboseala \u0219i excita\u021bia emo\u021bional\u0103 m\u0103resc frecven\u021ba ticurilor. Cu toate acestea ticurile persistente, severe sau care afecteaz\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea copilului, necesit\u0103 evaluare medical\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Recunoa\u0219terea timpurie, evaluarea de specialitate \u0219i implicarea familial\u0103 sunt esen\u021biale \u00een gestionarea ticurilor nervoase ale copilului. Demontarea miturilor despre ticurile nervoase contribuie la reducerea stigmatiz\u0103rii \u0219i la crearea unui mediu mai sigur pentru copii.<\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, men\u021binerea unei comunic\u0103ri deschise cu profesioni\u0219tii din domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, contribuie la gestionarea corespunz\u0103toare a ticurilor nervoase.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Black KJ, Kim S, Yang NY, Greene DJ. Course of tic disorders over the lifespan. Curr Dev Disord Rep. 2021;8(2):121-132. doi:10.1007\/s40474-021-00231-3. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8223879\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8223879\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jones KS, Saylam E, Ramphul K. Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders. [Updated 2023 May 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499958\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499958\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ueda K, Black KJ. A Comprehensive Review of Tic Disorders in Children. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2479. Published 2021 Jun 3. doi:10.3390\/jcm10112479. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8199885\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8199885\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cleveland Clinic, 2026. Tics and Tic Disorders. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/tics-and-tic-disorder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/tics-and-tic-disorder<\/a> s<\/li>\n<li>EROL I, Tic Disorders in Children. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/ilknurerol.com\/en\/treatments\/tic-disorders-in-children\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ilknurerol.com\/en\/treatments\/tic-disorders-in-children\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Iverson AM, Black KJ. Why Tic Severity Changes from Then to Now and from Here to There. J Clin Med. 2022;11(19):5930. doi:10.3390\/jcm11195930. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9570874\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9570874\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Li N, Yan J, Xu C, Li Y, Cui Y. Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep problems in tic disorders: a meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2024;25(2):130-140. doi:10.1080\/15622975.2023.2287729. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38009383\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38009383\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Leisman G, Sheldon D. Tics and Emotions. Brain Sci. 2022;12(2):242. Published 2022 Feb 10. doi:10.3390\/brainsci12020242. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8870550\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8870550\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zhang Y, Xiao N, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Identifying Factors Associated with the Recurrence of Tic Disorders. Brain Sci. 2022;12(6):697. Published 2022 May 27. doi:10.3390\/brainsci12060697. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9221031\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9221031\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mohamed ZA, Dong H, Xue Y, Bai M, Ouyang Y, Jia F. Prolonged screen time is associated with increased severity of tic symptoms in children with tic disorders. Ital J Pediatr. 2025;51(1):16. Published 2025 Jan 26. doi:10.1186\/s13052-025-01851-w. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39865274\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39865274\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Knight T, Steeves T, Day L, Lowerison M, Jette N, Pringsheim T. Prevalence of tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Neurol. 2012;47(2):77-90. doi:10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22759682\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22759682\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hermetet, K. Dispelling Myths About Tourette Syndrome. Tourette Association of America. <a href=\"https:\/\/tourette.org\/debunking-myths-misconceptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tourette.org\/debunking-myths-misconceptions\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wheeler, K. 7 myths about Tourette\u2019s syndrome, debunked &#8211; MYTH: Tics are intentional. <a href=\"https:\/\/happiful.com\/7-myths-about-tourettes-syndrome-debunked\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/happiful.com\/7-myths-about-tourettes-syndrome-debunked<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hermetet, K. Myth #2: Everyone with tics has Tourette Syndrome. Tourette Association of America. <a href=\"https:\/\/tourette.org\/debunking-myths-misconceptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tourette.org\/debunking-myths-misconceptions\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Perth Childrens Hospital. Tics, Pre-referral management. <a href=\"https:\/\/pch.health.wa.gov.au\/For-health-professionals\/Referrals-to-PCH\/Prereferral-guidelines\/Tics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pch.health.wa.gov.au\/For-health-professionals\/Referrals-to-PCH\/Prereferral-guidelines\/Tics<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mose, M. Myth #1 Children will eventually outgrow their tics. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.melissamosemft.com\/5-myths-about-tics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.melissamosemft.com\/5-myths-about-tics\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Disability Belongs, 2026. Combatting Misinformation: Understanding the Facts About Tourette Syndrome. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.disabilitybelongs.org\/2026\/03\/combatting-misinformation-tourette-syndrome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.disabilitybelongs.org\/2026\/03\/combatting-misinformation-tourette-syndrome\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>National Health Service, Types of tics. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/tics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/tics\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rockeman, O. Nervous Tics: Symptoms, and Examples, and Treatment. NOCD, 2026. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treatmyocd.com\/what-is-ocd\/info\/related-symptoms-conditions\/are-nervous-tics-a-mental-health-problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.treatmyocd.com\/what-is-ocd\/info\/related-symptoms-conditions\/are-nervous-tics-a-mental-health-problem<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dayton Children&#8217;s Hospital, 2026. When to be concerned about tics. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/childrensdayton.org\/resources\/when-to-be-concerned\/tics-in-kids\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/childrensdayton.org\/resources\/when-to-be-concerned\/tics-in-kids\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cohen SC, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37(6):997-1007. doi:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3674220\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3674220\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Liu ZS, Cui YH, Sun D, et al. Current Status, Diagnosis, and Treatment Recommendation for Tic Disorders in China. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:774. Published 2020 Aug 13. doi:10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00774. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7438753\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7438753\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dooley JM. Tic disorders in childhood. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2006;13(4):231-42. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17178353\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17178353\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Scahill L, Specht M, Page C. The Prevalence of Tic Disorders and Clinical Characteristics in Children. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2014;3(4):394-400. doi:10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.06.002. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25436183\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25436183\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ludolph AG, Roessner V, M\u00fcnchau A, M\u00fcller-Vahl K. Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012;109(48):821-288. doi:10.3238\/arztebl.2012.0821. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3523260\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3523260\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bloch MH, Leckman JF. Tic disorders. In: Martin A, Volkmar FR, Lewis M, editors. Lewis&#8217;s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA,US): Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 2007. p. 569-82. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ro\/books?id=s9Jdn43iac8C&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/books.google.ro\/books?id=s9Jdn43iac8C&amp;redir_esc=y<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mills S, Hedderly T. A guide to childhood motor stereotypies, tic disorders and the tourette spectrum for the primary care practitioner. Ulster Med J. 2014;83(1):22-30. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3992090\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3992090\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Desai I, Kumar N, Goyal V. An Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Tic Disorders. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2023;26(6):858-870. doi:10.4103\/aian.aian_724_23. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10789408\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10789408\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Shprecher D, Kurlan R. The management of tics. Mov Disord. 2009;24(1):15-24. doi:10.1002\/mds.22378. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2701289\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2701289\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children &#8211; NHS Foundation Trust, 2026. Managing tics in the classroom &#8211; Strategies to help in the classroom. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gosh.nhs.uk\/wards-and-departments\/departments\/clinical-specialties\/psychological-and-mental-health-services-pamhs\/the-tic-service\/managing-tics-in-the-classroom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.gosh.nhs.uk\/wards-and-departments\/departments\/clinical-specialties\/psychological-and-mental-health-services-pamhs\/the-tic-service\/managing-tics-in-the-classroom\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Woods DW, Piacentini JC, Scahill L, et al. Behavior therapy for tics in children: acute and long-term effects on psychiatric and psychosocial functioning. J Child Neurol. 2011;26(7):858-865. doi:10.1177\/0883073810397046. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4007273\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4007273\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rahman SM, Jafferany M, Barkauskaite R. Habit-reversal training: a psychotherapeutic approach in treating body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2023;48(12):1310-1316. doi:10.1093\/ced\/llad247. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37470438\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37470438\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Eapen V, \u010crn\u010dec R, Pick AX, et al. Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics: a neurophysiological intervention. J Integr Neurosci. 2022;21(3):89. doi:10.31083\/j.jin2103089. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35633170\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35633170\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Quezada J, Coffman KA. Current Approaches and New Developments in the Pharmacological Management of Tourette Syndrome. CNS Drugs. 2018;32(1):33-45. doi:10.1007\/s40263-017-0486-0. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5843687\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5843687\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Burd L, Kerbeshian J, Fisher W, Gascon G. Anticonvulsant medications: an iatrogenic cause of tic disorders. Can J Psychiatry. 1986;31(5):419-423. doi:10.1177\/070674378603100507. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3731009\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3731009\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stiede JT, Alexander JR, Wellen B, et al. Differentiating tic-related from non-tic-related impairment in children with persistent tic disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:38-45. doi:10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.07.017. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30195099\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30195099\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sapozhnikov Y, Vermilion J. Co-Occurring Anxiety in Youth with Tic Disorders: A Review. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2023;33(10):402-408. doi:10.1089\/cap.2022.0091. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37870770\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37870770\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>M\u00fcller-Vahl KR, Edwards MJ. Mind the Difference Between Primary Tics and Functional Tic-like Behaviors. Mov Disord. 2021;36(12):2716-2718. doi:10.1002\/mds.28853. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9299617\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9299617\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Espil FM, Capriotti MR, Conelea CA, Woods DW. The role of parental perceptions of tic frequency and intensity in predicting tic-related functional impairment in youth with chronic tic disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2014;45(6):657-665. doi:10.1007\/s10578-013-0434-2. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24395287\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24395287\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Snow ALB, Taylor I, Low B, Isaacs DA, Claassen DO, Watson KH. Parent Emotion Socialization Behaviors and Adolescent Psychological Symptoms in Families Impacted by Tourette Syndrome. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2026;54(1):21. doi:10.1007\/s10802-025-01393-z. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12868059\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12868059\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ghanizadeh A, Mohammadi MR, Dehbozorgi GR. Children and Their Parent&#8217;s Perceptions of Symptom Severity and Treatment Preference for Tourette Syndrome. Iran J Psychiatry. 2010;5(3):93-96.. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3430506\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3430506\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Black KJ, Black ER, Greene DJ, Schlaggar BL. Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing. F1000Res. 2016;5:696. Published 2016 Apr 18. doi:10.12688\/f1000research.8428.1. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4850871\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4850871\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Owen T, Silva J, Grose C, et al. Case report: Advice for schools on managing functional tic-like behaviours. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1001459. doi:10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1001459. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9760715\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9760715\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ueda K, Black KJ. A Comprehensive Review of Tic Disorders in Children. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2479. Published 2021 Jun 3. doi:10.3390\/jcm10112479. Available at: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8199885\/<\/li>\n<li>Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Deeley C, et al. Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education. Neurology. 2001;57(8):1383-1388. doi:10.1212\/wnl.57.8.1383. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11673576\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11673576\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zinner SH. A teaching tool for tic disorders: using &#8222;disinhibition&#8221; to unify the spectrum. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1577983. doi:10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1577983. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12183163\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12183163\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Palade T, Pascal E. Reducing Bullying through Empathy Training: The Effect of Teacher&#8217;s Passive Presence. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023;13(3):216. Published 2023 Mar 2. doi:10.3390\/bs13030216. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10044840\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10044840\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Queen&#8217;s Online School, 2026. What Is Inclusion Education and How It Empowers Every Learner by Putting Children\u2019s Needs First. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/queensonlineschool.com\/what-is-inclusion-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/queensonlineschool.com\/what-is-inclusion-education\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS. Managing tics in the classroom. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gosh.nhs.uk\/wards-and-departments\/departments\/clinical-specialties\/psychological-and-mental-health-services-pamhs\/the-tic-service\/managing-tics-in-the-classroom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.gosh.nhs.uk\/wards-and-departments\/departments\/clinical-specialties\/psychological-and-mental-health-services-pamhs\/the-tic-service\/managing-tics-in-the-classroom\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Evans GA, Wittkowski A, Butler H, Hedderly T, Bunton P. Parenting Interventions for Children with Tic Disorders: Professionals&#8217; Perspectives. J Child Fam Stud. 2016;25:1594-1604. doi:10.1007\/s10826-015-0317-1. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4824798\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4824798\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tourette Association of America. Handling Classroom Behavior &#8211; Classroom Strategies. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/tourette.org\/about-tourette\/overview\/living-tourette-syndrome\/handling-classroom-behavior\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tourette.org\/about-tourette\/overview\/living-tourette-syndrome\/handling-classroom-behavior\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stanford University. Teacher empathy reduces student suspensions, Stanford research shows. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/stories\/2016\/04\/teacher-empathy-reduces-student-suspensions-stanford-research-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/stories\/2016\/04\/teacher-empathy-reduces-student-suspensions-stanford-research-shows<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Martindale JM, Chapman L, Carson AJ, et al. Beyond the Tics: Experiences of Stigma and Psychosocial Impact in Tourette Syndrome. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. Published online January 24, 2026. doi:10.1007\/s10578-026-01965-0. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41579326\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41579326\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Snider LA, Seligman LD, Ketchen BR, et al. Tics and problem behaviors in schoolchildren: prevalence, characterization, and associations. Pediatrics. 2002;110(2 Pt 1):331-336. doi:10.1542\/peds.110.2.331. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12165586\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12165586\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Martindale JM, Ringheanu VM, Pring KA, et al. Study protocol for measuring stigmatization in persistent tic disorders: development and validation of the Tourette discrimination-stigmatization scale. Front Psychol. 2024;15:1381063. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1381063. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38746922\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38746922\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zimmerman-Brenner S, Pilowsky-Peleg T, Rachamim L, et al. Group behavioral interventions for tics and comorbid symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022;31(4):637-648. doi:10.1007\/s00787-020-01702-5. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33415472\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33415472\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sultan MA, Khan NN. Rethinking empathy development in childhood and adolescence: a call for global, culturally adaptive strategies. Front Psychol. 2025;16:1575249. Published 2025 Aug 26. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1575249. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12421075\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12421075\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chandarana, M. Tic Awareness in Schools: How Education Builds Inclusion. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/parkinsongujarat.com\/tic-awareness-in-schools-education-builds-inclusion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/parkinsongujarat.com\/tic-awareness-in-schools-education-builds-inclusion\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ticurile nervoase la copii Ticurile nervoase la copii sunt mi\u0219c\u0103ri sau sunete involuntare care apar repetitiv \u0219i, de obicei, pentru perioade scurte de timp [3]. Ticurile sunt frecvente \u00een timpul copil\u0103riei \u0219i apar, de obicei, \u00eentre v\u00e2rstele de 5 \u0219i 10 ani perioad\u0103 \u00een care sistemul nervos este \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een dezvoltare, b\u0103ie\u021bii fiind afecta\u021bi mai [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"6","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"floatbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_popup_post":"1","show_comment_section":"1","number_popup_post":"3","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neurologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2452"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2464,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2452\/revisions\/2464"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roneuro.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}